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Chapter 15: Problem 58

Name the type of organic compound from each description of the functional group: (a) \(\mathrm{N}\) -containing group with single and double bonds; (b) group that is not polar and has a double bond; (c) polar group that has a double bond and cannot be at the end of a C chain; (d) group that has only single bonds and is basic in water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Amide, (b) Alkene, (c) Ketone, (d) Amine

Step by step solution

01

Identify the N-containing Group with Single and Double Bonds

A functional group that contains nitrogen with both single and double bonds is an amide group.
02

Determine the Non-polar Group with a Double Bond

A functional group that is not polar and contains a double bond is an alkene group.
03

Identify the Polar Group with a Double Bond that Cannot Be at the End

A polar group with a double bond that cannot be at the end of a carbon chain is a carbonyl group, specifically a ketone.
04

Identify the Group with Single Bonds that is Basic in Water

A functional group that has only single bonds and is basic in water is an amine group.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Amide Group
An amide group is an important functional group in organic chemistry. It contains a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen).
The structure can be represented as \textcolor{blue}{\( R-CONH_2 \)} or \textcolor{blue}{\( R-CONHR' \)}.
An amide group can occur naturally in proteins and many other biological molecules. Amides are found in both natural and synthetic materials.
Alkene Group
An alkene group contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).
This functional group is non-polar, making it less reactive with polar solvents like water. Alkenes are often found in various natural products and are used extensively in the chemical industry.
Here's a general representation of an alkene: \textcolor{blue}{\( C=C \)}. This double bond gives alkenes their characteristic properties and reactivity.
Alkenes can participate in addition reactions, where atoms or groups of atoms are added to the carbon atoms of the double bond.
  • Examples of alkenes include ethene (ethylene) and propene (propylene).
  • Alkenes are also precursors to many important polymers such as polyethylene.
Carbonyl Group
A carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (\textcolor{blue}{\( C=O \)}). This functional group is polar due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen.
Carbonyl groups can be part of several functional groups, including aldehydes and ketones.
In the case of ketones, the carbonyl group is located within the carbon chain and not at the end.
  • Carbonyl groups play a significant role in organic reactions such as nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions.
  • They are found in sugars and important metabolic intermediates.
Amine Group
An amine group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. Represented as \textcolor{blue}{\( R-NH_2 \)}, \textcolor{blue}{\( R-NHR' \)}, or \textcolor{blue}{\( R-NR'R'' \)} depending on the number of groups attached to nitrogen.
Amine groups are characterized by single bonds and are basic in nature. They can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water and other polar solvents.
  • Amines are found in many biological molecules such as amino acids, neurotransmitters, and alkaloids.
  • They are also used in the synthesis of dyes, drugs, and polymers.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Any tetrahedral atom with four different groups attached can be a chiral center. Which of these species is optically active? (a) CHClBrF (b) \(\mathrm{NBrCl}_{2} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) (c) PFClBrI \(^{+}\) (d) SeFClBrH

(a) Draw the four isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\) that can be oxidized to an aldehyde. (b) Draw the three isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\) that can be oxidized to a ketone. (c) Draw the isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\) that cannot be easily oxidized to an aldehyde or a ketone. (d) Name any isomer that is an alcohol.

Which compounds exhibit geometric isomerism? Draw and name the two isomers in each case: (a) propene (b) 3 -hexene (c) 1,1 -dichloroethene (d) 1,2 -dichloroethene

Among alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, only alkenes exhibit cis- trans isomerism. Why don't the others?

Name the type of organic compound from each description of the functional group: (a) polar group that has only single bonds and does not include \(\mathrm{O}\) or \(\mathrm{N} ;\) (b) group that is polar and has a triple bond; (c) group that has single and double bonds and is acidic in water; (d) group that has a double bond and must be at the end of a C chain.
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