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Chapter 15: Problem 97

Write the sequence of the complementary DNA strand that pairs with each of the following DNA base sequences: (a) TTAGCC (b) AGACAT

Short Answer

Expert verified
The complementary strand for TTAGCC is AATCGG, and for AGACAT is TCTGTA.

Step by step solution

01

Understand DNA Base Pairing Rules

In DNA, base pairing follows specific rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
02

Identify the Base Pairing for Each Nucleotide in TTAGCC

For the sequence TTAGCC: - T pairs with A - T pairs with A - A pairs with T - G pairs with C - C pairs with G - C pairs with G
03

Write the Complementary Sequence for TTAGCC

Using the base pairing rules from Step 2, the complementary sequence for TTAGCC is: AATCGG
04

Identify the Base Pairing for Each Nucleotide in AGACAT

For the sequence AGACAT: - A pairs with T - G pairs with C - A pairs with T - C pairs with G - A pairs with T - T pairs with A
05

Write the Complementary Sequence for AGACAT

Using the base pairing rules from Step 4, the complementary sequence for AGACAT is: TCTGTA

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

complementary DNA strand
In DNA, each strand has a complementary strand. The two strands are like mirror images, fitting together perfectly due to base pairing rules. For example, if one strand has the sequence TTAGCC, the complementary strand will have the sequence AATCGG. This is because each base on one strand pairs with a specific base on the other. These pairings are essential for DNA replication and function.
nucleotide pairing
Nucleotide pairing is the basis of DNA structure. DNA's building blocks are nucleotides, and each nucleotide includes a base that can pair with another base. The rules of pairing are simple: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, which makes the DNA structure stable. This complementary pairing is crucial for copying DNA during cell division.

For example, seeing sequence AGACAT, a student can determine that:
  • A pairs with T
  • G pairs with C
  • C pairs with G
  • T pairs with A
DNA sequence
A DNA sequence is the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. This sequence carries genetic information that dictates everything from physical traits to metabolic pathways. Reading and understanding DNA sequences is fundamental in genetics.

When addressing the DNA sequence TTAGCC, it’s clear that
  • T pairs with A
  • C pairs with G
  • A pairs with T
Thus, the complementary sequence is AATCGG. By following the sequencing and pairing rules, scientists and students can decode the information held in DNA.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Carbon bonds to many elements other than itself. (a) Name six elements that commonly bond to carbon in organic compounds. (b) Which of these elements are heteroatoms? (c) Which of these elements are more electronegative than carbon? Less electronegative? (d) How does bonding of carbon to heteroatoms increase the number of organic compounds?

Compound A, composed of \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) is heated in a 1.00-L flask to \(160 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) until all of the A has vaporized and displaced the air. The flask is then cooled, and \(2.48 \mathrm{~g}\) of A remains. When \(0.500 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{A}\) burns in \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, 0.409 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) are produced. Compound A is not acidic, but it can be oxidized to compound \(\mathrm{B}\), which is weakly acidic: \(1.000 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{B}\) is neutralized with \(33.9 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.5 \mathrm{M}\) sodium hydroxide. When \(\mathrm{B}\) is heated to \(260^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) it gives off water and forms \(\mathrm{C}\), which, in solution in \(\mathrm{CDCl}_{3}\) (where \(\mathrm{D}\) is deuterium, \({ }^{2} \mathrm{H}\) ), has one peak in its \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\) -NMR spectrum. (a) What are the structures of \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\) and \(\mathrm{C} ?\) (b) Compound \(\mathrm{A}\) is a controlled substance because it is metabolized to the weakly acidic "date rape" drug \(\mathrm{GHB}, \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{3} .\) What are the structure and name of \(\mathrm{GHB}\) ?

Name the type of organic compound from each description of the functional group: (a) polar group that has only single bonds and does not include \(\mathrm{O}\) or \(\mathrm{N} ;\) (b) group that is polar and has a triple bond; (c) group that has single and double bonds and is acidic in water; (d) group that has a double bond and must be at the end of a C chain.

Which of these bonds to carbon would you expect to be relatively reactive: \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}, \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{I}, \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Li} ?\) Explain.

Silicon lies just below carbon in Group \(4 \mathrm{~A}(14)\) and also forms four covalent bonds. Why aren't there as many silicon compounds as carbon compounds?
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