Chapter 1

When calcium chloride \(\left(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\right)\) dissolves in water, the temperature of the water increases dramatically. During this reaction, heat transfers from (A) the reactants to the products (B) the reactants to the system (C) the system to the surroundings (D) the products to the surroundings

How many moles of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) must be added to 500 milliliters of water to create a solution that has a 2 -molar concentration of the Na' ion? (Assume the volume of the solution does not change). (A) 0.5 \(\mathrm{mol}\) (B) 1 \(\mathrm{mol}\) (C) 2 \(\mathrm{mol}\) (D) 5 \(\mathrm{mol}\)

Which type of radiation would be most useful in examining the dimensionality of molecules? (A) Ultraviolet (B) Visible (C) Infrared (D) Microwave

Which of the following species is amphoteric? (A) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) (B) \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\) (C) \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) (D) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\)

Which of the following ions would have the most unpaired electrons? (A) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\) (B) \(\mathrm{Ni}^{3+}\) (C) \(\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}\) (D) \(\mathrm{Cr}^{6+}\)

\(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu} \quad E^{\circ}=+0.3 \mathrm{V}\) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe} \quad E^{\circ}=-0.4 \mathrm{V}\) Based on the reduction potentials given above, what is the reaction potential for the following reaction? \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (A) \(-0.7 \mathrm{V}\) (B) \(-0.1 \mathrm{V}\) (C) \(+0.1 \mathrm{V}\) (D) \(+0.7 \mathrm{V}\)

Which substance would have the highest boiling point? (A) Ethanol, because it is the most asymmetrical (B) Acetone, because of the double bond (C) Ethylene glycol, because it has the most hydrogen bonding (D) All three substances would have very similar boiling points because their molar masses are similar.

\(\begin{array}{ll}{\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}} & {E^{\circ}=+0.3 \mathrm{V}} \\ {\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}} & {E^{\circ}=-0.8 \mathrm{V}} \\ {\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mn}} & {E^{\circ}=-1.2 \mathrm{V}}\end{array}\) Based on the reduction potentials given above, which of the following reactions will be favored? (A) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mn}+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (B) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mn}+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) (C) \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (D) \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Mn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\)

How many liters of distilled water must be added to 1 liter of an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create a solution with a pH of 2? (A) 0.1 L (B) 0.9 L (C) 2 L (D) 9 L

When calcium chloride \(\left(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\right)\) dissolves in water, the temperature of the water increases dramatically. Compared to \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2},\) what must be true regarding the hydration energy of \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2} ?\) (A) It would be greater because fluoride is smaller than chloride. (B) It would be the same because the charges of fluoride and chloride are identical. (C) It would be the same because hydration energy is only dependent on the IMFs present in water. (D) It would be smaller because the molar mass of \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\) is smaller than that of \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) .