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Chapter 1: Problem 17

In which of the following reactions is entropy increasing? (A) \(2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g)\) (B) \(\mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) (C) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HCl}(g)\) (D) \(2 \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The reaction in which entropy is increasing as per above mentioned criteria is (D) \(2 \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\)

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Reaction (A)

\[2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g)\] \nHere there are 3 mole of gas molecules on the reactants side and 2 mole of gas molecules on the products side. This means the number of gas molecules is decreasing in this reaction, hence entropy is not increasing.
02

Analyze Reaction (B)

\[\mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \rightarrow\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\] \nFor this reaction, the number of gas molecules on both the reactants side and the products side are 2. This means there is no change in the number of gas molecules, thus entropy is not increasing.
03

Analyze Reaction (C)

\[\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HCl}(g)\] \nInspecting this reaction, the number of gas molecules are 2 on the reactants side and 2 on the products side as well. Therefore, no increase in the number of gas molecules in this reaction implies that the entropy is not increasing.
04

Analyze Reaction (D)

\[2 \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\] \nIn this reaction, there are 2 mole of gas molecules on the reactants side and 3 mole of gas molecules on the products side. This indicates that the number of gas molecules is increasing and consequently, entropy is also increasing.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use the following information to answer questions 14-16 The radius of atoms and ions is typically measured in Angstroms \((A),\) which is equivalent to \(1 * 10^{-10} \mathrm{m} .\) Below is a table of information for three different elements. TABLE NOT AVAILABLE Neon has a smaller atomic radius than phosphorus because: (A) Unlike neon, phosphorus has electrons present in its third energy level. (B) Phosphorus has more protons than neon, which increases the repulsive forces in the atom. (C) The electrons in a neon atom are all found in a single energy level. (D) Phosphorus can form anions, while neon is unable to form any ions.

Questions 32-36 refer to the following. Two half-cells are set up as follows: Half-Cell A: Strip of \(\mathrm{Cu}(s)\) in \(\mathrm{CuNO}_{3}(a q)\) Half-Cell B: Strip of \(\mathrm{Zn}(s)\) in \(\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (aq) When the cells are connected according to the diagram below, the following reaction occurs: GRAPH CAN'T COPY $$2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q) E^{\circ}=+1.28 \mathrm{V}$$ If the \(\mathrm{Cu}^{+}+e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)\) half-reaction has a standard reduction potential of \(+0.52 \mathrm{V},\) what is the standard reduction potential for the \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}(s)\) half-reaction? (A) \(+0.76 \mathrm{V}\) (B) \(-0.76 \mathrm{V}\) (C) \(+0.24 \mathrm{V}\) (D) \(-0.24 \mathrm{V}\)

During a chemical reaction, NO(g) gets reduced and no nitrogen- containing compound is oxidized. Which of the following is a possible product of this reaction? (A) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\) (B) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)\) (C) \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)\) (D) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}(a q)\)

Nitrogen’s electronegativity value is between those of phosphorus and oxygen. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the three values? (A) The value for nitrogen is less than that of phosphorus because nitrogen is larger, but greater than that of oxygen because nitrogen has a greater effective nuclear charge. (B) The value for nitrogen is less than that of phosphorus because nitrogen has fewer protons, but greater than that of oxygen because nitrogen has fewer valence electrons. (C) The value for nitrogen is greater than that of phosphorus because nitrogen has fewer electrons, but less than that of oxygen because nitrogen is smaller. (D) The value for nitrogen is greater than that of phosphorus because nitrogen is smaller, but less than that of oxygen because nitrogen has a smaller effective nuclear charge.

1.50 g of \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) is dissolved into 25.0 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of water, causing the temperature to increase by \(2.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . The density of the final solution is found to be 1.02 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}\) . Which of the following expressions will correctly calculate the heat gained by the water as the NaNO, dissolves? Assume the volume of the solution remains unchanged. (A) \((25.0)(4.18)(2.2)\) (B) \(\frac{(26.5)(4.18)(2.2)}{1.02}\) (C) \(\frac{(1.02)(4.18)(2.2)}{1.50}\) (D) \((25.0)(1.02)(4.18)(2.2)\)
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