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Chapter 1: Problem 21

When calcium chloride \(\left(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\right)\) dissolves in water, the temperature of the water increases dramatically. During this reaction, heat transfers from (A) the reactants to the products (B) the reactants to the system (C) the system to the surroundings (D) the products to the surroundings

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct choice is (C) the system to the surroundings. This is because during the exothermic process of calcium chloride dissolving in water, energy (in the form of heat) is transferred from the system (calcium chloride + water) to the surroundings.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Process

Recognize the process described - dissolving of calcium chloride in water. During this process, heat is released, which means it is an exothermic reaction.
02

Identify the System and the Surroundings

We have the system as the calcium chloride and water, while the surroundings consist everything outside of this system. In simpler terms, the surroundings are what the system interacts with to gain or lose energy.
03

Determine the Direction of Heat Transfer

Since the dissolving of calcium chloride in water releases heat, it means that this energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Questions 32-36 refer to the following. Two half-cells are set up as follows: Half-Cell A: Strip of \(\mathrm{Cu}(s)\) in \(\mathrm{CuNO}_{3}(a q)\) Half-Cell B: Strip of \(\mathrm{Zn}(s)\) in \(\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (aq) When the cells are connected according to the diagram below, the following reaction occurs: GRAPH CAN'T COPY $$2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q) E^{\circ}=+1.28 \mathrm{V}$$ How many moles of electrons must be transferred to create 127 g of copper? (A) 1 mole of electrons (B) 2 moles of electrons (C) 3 moles of electrons (D) 4 moles of electrons

Nitrogen’s electronegativity value is between those of phosphorus and oxygen. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the three values? (A) The value for nitrogen is less than that of phosphorus because nitrogen is larger, but greater than that of oxygen because nitrogen has a greater effective nuclear charge. (B) The value for nitrogen is less than that of phosphorus because nitrogen has fewer protons, but greater than that of oxygen because nitrogen has fewer valence electrons. (C) The value for nitrogen is greater than that of phosphorus because nitrogen has fewer electrons, but less than that of oxygen because nitrogen is smaller. (D) The value for nitrogen is greater than that of phosphorus because nitrogen is smaller, but less than that of oxygen because nitrogen has a smaller effective nuclear charge.

\(\begin{array}{ll}{\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}} & {E^{\circ}=+0.3 \mathrm{V}} \\ {\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}} & {E^{\circ}=-0.8 \mathrm{V}} \\ {\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mn}} & {E^{\circ}=-1.2 \mathrm{V}}\end{array}\) Based on the reduction potentials given above, which of the following reactions will be favored? (A) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mn}+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (B) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Mn}+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) (C) \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (D) \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Mn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\)

How many liters of distilled water must be added to 1 liter of an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create a solution with a pH of 2? (A) 0.1 L (B) 0.9 L (C) 2 L (D) 9 L

Questions 45-48 refer to the following. Inside a calorimeter, 100.0 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of 1.0 \(\mathrm{M}\) hydrocyanic acid (HCN), a weak acid, and 100.0 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of 0.50 \(\mathrm{M}\) sodium hydroxide are mixed. The temperature of the mixture rises from \(21.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(28.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . The specific heat of the mixture is approximately \(4.2 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{g}^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and the density is identical to that of water. Identify the correct net ionic equation for the reaction that takes place. (A) \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \mapsto \mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (B) \(\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \leftrightarrow \mathrm{NaCN}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (C) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (D) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) (aq)
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