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Chapter 1: Problem 21

Which type of radiation would be most useful in examining the dimensionality of molecules? (A) Ultraviolet (B) Visible (C) Infrared (D) Microwave

Short Answer

Expert verified
(C) Infrared

Step by step solution

01

Understand radiation types

The first step is to understand what each type of radiation does. (A) Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by molecules when electrons are excited to higher energy levels. Typically, UV radiation is used to study electronic transitions. (B) Visible radiation, similar to UV, is absorbed during electronic transitions and is usually used for studying visible-light spectroscopy. (C) Infrared radiation is absorbed by molecules when bonds vibrate. It's typically used to study vibrational transitions. (D) Microwave radiation is absorbed when molecules rotate, which means it is used to study rotational transitions.
02

Analyze the appropriate radiation

Dimensionality primarily concerns the shape, bonding, and movement of molecules. In general, the vibrational and rotational transitions provide the most information about a molecule's size, shape, and structure because they involve changes in molecular bonds and shapes. Thus, Infrared radiation and Microwave radiation are likely to be the most useful.
03

Decision based on the Information

Between Infrared and Microwave radiations, Infrared radiation is absorbed by bonds when they vibrate, marking changes in the shape of a molecule. This gives a more detailed picture of the molecule's dimensionality than rotations provided by Microwave radiation. Therefore, Infrared radiation is considered to be most useful in examining the dimensionality of molecules.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A sample of a compound known to consist of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is found to have a total mass of 29.05 g. If the mass of the carbon is 18.02 g and the mass of the hydrogen is 3.03 g, what is the empirical formula of the compound? (A) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}\) (B) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\) (C) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (D) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

$$\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HI}(g)$$ When the reaction given above takes place in a sealed isothermal container, the rate law is $$\text { Rate }=k\left[\mathrm{H}_{2}\right]\left[\mathrm{I}_{2}\right]$$ If a mole of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) gas is added to the reaction chamber and the temperature remains constant, which of the following will be true? (A) The rate of reaction and the rate constant will increase. (B) The rate of reaction and the rate constant will not change. (C) The rate of reaction will increase and the rate constant will decrease. (D) The rate of reaction will increase and the rate constant will not change.

A bottle of water is left outside early in the morning. The bottle warms gradually over the course of the day. What will happen to the pH of the water as the bottle warms? (A) Nothing; pure water always has a pH of 7.00. (B) Nothing; the volume would have to change in order for any ion concentration to change. (C) It will increase because the concentration of \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]\) is increasing. (D) It will decrease because the auto-ionization of water is an endothermic process.

The following reaction is found to be at equilibrium at 25°C: \(2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g) \leftrightarrow \mathrm{O}_{2}(g)+2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g) \quad \Delta H=-198 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Which of the following would cause the reverse reaction to speed up? (A) Adding more \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (B) Raising the pressure (C) Lowering the temperature (D) Removing some \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\)

Which of the substances would be soluble in water? (A) Ethylene glycol only, because it has the longest bond lengths (B) Acetone only, because it is the most symmetrical (C) Ethanol and ethylene glycol only, because of their hydroxyl (-OH) (D) All three substances would be soluble in water due to their permanent dipoles.
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