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Chapter 1: Problem 51

A 2.0 L flask holds 0.40 g of helium gas. If the helium is evacuated into a larger container while the temperature is held constant, what will the effect on the entropy of the helium be? (A) It will remain constant because the number of helium molecules does not change. (B) It will decrease because the gas will be more ordered in the larger flask. (C) It will decrease because the molecules will collide with the sides of the larger flask less often than they did in the smaller flask. (D) It will increase because the gas molecules will be more dispersed in the larger flask.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(D) It will increase because the gas molecules will be more dispersed in the larger flask. As the volume increases while the temperature remains constant, the entropy increases due to greater dispersal of gas molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the concept of Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In this exercise, we are considering a case where a gas is transferred from a smaller to a larger container, keeping the temperature constant.
02

Impact of Volume on Entropy

If the volume in which the gas is contained increases, there will be more space for the gas particles to move about. This would lead to higher randomness or disorder in the gas distribution, which in turn will lead to an increase in entropy.
03

Identifying the right answer

Based on our analysis in the previous steps, the answer is (D) It will increase because the gas molecules will be more dispersed in the larger flask. This is because as volume increases, at a constant temperature, the gas particles have increased space to move leading to an increase in entropy.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use the following information to answer questions 25-28. A voltaic cell is created using the following half-cells: \(\begin{array}{ll}{\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}+3 e \rightarrow \mathrm{Cr}(s)} & {E^{\circ}=-0.41 \mathrm{V}} \\ {\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}+2 e \rightarrow \mathrm{Pb}(s)} & {E^{\circ}=-0.12 \mathrm{V}}\end{array}\) The concentrations of the solutions in each half-cell are 1.0 M. Which of the following best describes the activity in the salt bridge as the reaction progresses? (A) Electrons flow through the salt bridge from the \(\mathrm{Pb} / \mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) half-cell to the \(\mathrm{Cr} / \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) half-cell. (B) \(\quad \mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) flows to the \(\mathrm{Cr} / \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) flows to the \(\mathrm{Pb} / \mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) half-cell. (C) \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) flows to the \(\mathrm{Cr} / \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) half-cell, and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) flows to the \(\mathrm{Pb} / \mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) half- cell. (D) \(\quad \mathrm{Na}^{+}\) flows to the \(\mathrm{Pb} / \mathrm{Pb}^{2}\) half- cell, and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) flows to the \(\mathrm{Cr} / \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) half- cell.

A 0.1-molar solution of which of the following acids will be the best conductor of electricity? (A) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (B) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\) (C) \(\mathrm{HF}\) (D) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\)

\(\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}^{2-}+6 \mathrm{I}^{-}+14 \mathrm{H}^{+} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{I}_{2}+7 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) Which of the following statements about the reaction given above is NOT true? (A) The oxidation number of chromium changes from \(+6\) to \(+3 .\) (B) The oxidation number of iodine changes from \(-1\) to 0. (C) The oxidation number of hydrogen changes from +1 to 0. (D) The oxidation number of oxygen remains the same.

\(2 \mathrm{HI}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{HCl}(g)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(g)+\) energy A gaseous reaction occurs and comes to equilibrium, as shown above. Which of the following changes to the system will serve to increase the number of moles of \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) present at equilibrium? (A) Increasing the volume at constant temperature (B) Decreasing the volume at constant temperature (C) Increasing the temperature at constant volume (D) Decreasing the temperature at constant volume

Which of the following species is amphoteric? (A) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) (B) \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\) (C) \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) (D) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\)
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