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Chapter 2: Problem 42

$$\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{N}_{2}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$$ Increasing the temperature of the above reaction will increase the rate of reaction. Which of the following is NOT a reason that increased temperature increases reaction rate? (A) The reactants will be more likely to overcome the activation energy. (B) The number of collisions between reactant molecules will increase. (C) A greater distribution of reactant molecules will have high velocities. (D) Alternate reaction pathways become available at higher temperatures.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The statement that does NOT correctly explain why increased temperature increases the reaction rate is (D) Alternate reaction pathways become available at higher temperatures.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Statements

Assess each provided statement and determine if it correctly explains the effect of increasing temperature on the chemical reaction rate. Understanding the concepts of collision theory, activation energy, and the energy distribution of molecules will be crucial here.
02

Analyze Statement A

Statement A suggests that the reactants will be more likely to overcome the activation energy with increasing temperature. This statement is true as per the collision theory. Higher temperature gives molecules more kinetic energy, allowing them to overcome activation energy barriers more easily and thus increasing reaction rates.
03

Analyze Statement B

Statement B says that increasing the temperature will increase the number of collisions between reactant molecules. This statement is also true. As per the collision theory, higher temperatures lead to faster molecular movement and thus more frequent collisions, contributing to a higher reaction rate.
04

Analyze Statement C

Statement C asserts that with a higher temperature, a greater distribution of reactant molecules will have high velocities. This statement is true. With increased temperature, more molecules can achieve higher velocities, and hence a larger number of molecules are likely to cross the activation energy barrier, leading to faster reaction rates.
05

Analyze Statement D

Statement D claims that alternate reaction pathways become available at higher temperatures. This statement is not generally true. While it's possible that increased temperature can cause a reaction to proceed through a different mechanism or pathway, it's not a general rule that higher temperatures always open alternate reaction pathways. Some reactions only have a single pathway, regardless of temperature. This is the statement that doesn't belong with the others when explaining why increased temperature speeds up reaction rates.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the Lewis structures for the following molecules: $$\begin{equation} \mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}, \mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}, \text {and } \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} \end{equation}$$ Which molecule would have the shortest bonds? (A) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) (B) \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\) (C) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}\) (D) \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\)

Which of the following processes is an irreversible reaction? (A) $\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)$ (B) $\mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightarrow \mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}(a q)$ (C) $\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}^{3+}(a q)+3 \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)$ (D) $2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Ti}(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}(a q)$

A sample of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\) gas is placed in an evacuated, sealed container and heated until the following decomposition reaction occurs at \(1000 \mathrm{K} :\) \(2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{S}_{2}(g) \qquad K_{\mathrm{c}}=1.0 \times 10^{-6}\) Which option best describes what will immediately occur to the reaction rates if the pressure on the system is increased after it has reached equilibrium? (A) The rate of both the forward and reverse reactions will increase. (B) The rate of the forward reaction will increase while the rate of the reverse reaction decreases. (C) The rate of the forward reaction will decrease while the rate of the reverse reaction increases. (D) Neither the rate of the forward nor reverse reactions will change.

The average mass, in grams, of one mole of carbon atoms is equal to (A) the average mass of a single carbon atom, measured in amus (B) the ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the mass of a single carbon atom (C) the number of carbon atoms in one amu of carbon (D) the mass, in grams, of the most abundant isotope of carbon

Neutral atoms of chlorine are bombarded by high-energy photons, causing the ejection of electrons from the various filled subshells. Electrons originally from which subshell would have the highest velocity after being ejected? (A) 1s (B) 2p (C) 3p (D) 3d
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