Perform the following pressure conversions: (a) Convert 953 torr to \(\mathrm{kPa}\). (b) Convert \(2.98 \mathrm{kPa}\) to atm. (c) Convert \(2.77\) atm to \(\mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg}\). (d) Convert 372 torr to atm. (e) Convert \(2.81 \mathrm{~atm}\) to \(\mathrm{cm} \mathrm{Hg}\).

When working with pressure measurements in chemistry, it's essential to understand how to convert between different units, such as from Torr to kilopascals (kPa). A Torr is a unit of pressure named after Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist, and it is approximately equal to the pressure exerted by a one-millimeter column of mercury (mmHg).

To convert Torr to kPa, we use the conversion factor where 1 Torr is equivalent to 0.133322 kPa. Therefore, to convert a pressure in Torr to kPa, you multiply the pressure value by 0.133322. For example, converting 953 Torr to kPa involves multiplying 953 by 0.133322, yielding approximately 127.06 kPa.

The understanding of this conversion allows students and professionals to switch between different scientific and standard units of pressure depending on their needs or the context they are working in.

The kilopascal (kPa) is a unit of pressure that is part of the International System of Units (SI). It is widely used in science, especially physics and chemistry, to express pressure readings. Another common unit of pressure is the atmosphere (atm), which is a standard unit that roughly corresponds to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth.

Conversion from kPa to atm is straightforward once you know that 1 atm is equal to 101.325 kPa. To convert a value in kPa to atm, you divide the kPa value by 101.325. For example, if you have a pressure of 2.98 kPa, you divide 2.98 by 101.325, resulting in approximately 0.0294 atm.

Understanding this conversion is crucial for anyone studying chemistry or physics as atmospheric pressure is a common reference point for various scientific phenomena and calculations.

The atmosphere (atm) to millimeters of mercury (mmHg) conversion is frequently used in the field of chemistry for its historical significance and practicality. Historically, the pressure exerted by a column of mercury was a common method for measuring atmospheric pressure, which is why mmHg is still used today.

To convert atm to mm Hg, you can use the ratio 1 atm equals 760 mm Hg. Thus, to perform the conversion, you multiply the pressure value in atmospheres by 760. Taking the problem example, 2.77 atm multiplied by 760 gives us 2104.2 mm Hg.

This conversion is particularly helpful when dealing with measurement equipment like barometers or manometers that may use mmHg as the unit of measurement. This practical knowledge allows for accurate and consistent pressure measurements across various scientific applications.