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Chapter 15: Problem 15

Determine whether each of the following substances is an electrolyte or a nonelectrolyte. All are mixed with water. (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) (insoluble) (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CuBr}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) (methyl alcohol) (f) \(\mathrm{HI}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Nonelectrolyte, (b) Electrolyte, (c) Nonelectrolyte, (d) Nonelectrolyte, (e) Electrolyte, (f) Electrolyte

Step by step solution

01

- Identify soluble ionic compounds

\(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{CuBr}_{2}\) are ionic compounds. When dissolved in water, they dissociate into ions and can conduct electricity. Therefore, they are electrolytes.
02

- Identify soluble molecular compounds

\(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) (methyl alcohol) is a molecular compound that does not dissociate into ions in water. It does not conduct electricity and is a nonelectrolyte.
03

- Identify soluble acids

\(\mathrm{HI}\) is a strong acid that completely dissociates into \(\mathrm{H^+}\) and \(\mathrm{I^-}\) ions in water. It is an electrolyte.
04

- Analyze insoluble substances

\(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) (insoluble) do not dissolve in water to produce ions, thus they are nonelectrolytes.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Water Solubility
Water solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in water. Solubility is influenced by the nature of the substance as well as the temperature and pressure of the water. Generally, ionic compounds and many molecular compounds can dissolve in water. However, not all substances dissolve well in water. For example, \( \mathrm{SO}_3 \) and \( \mathrm{O}_2 \) (when noted as insoluble) do not dissolve in water, meaning they do not produce ions.

Important points about water solubility:
  • Depends on the chemical nature of the substance
  • Varies with temperature and pressure
  • Determines whether a substance can conduct electricity in water (electrolyte vs. nonelectrolyte)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If \(380 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.35 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) are added to 500 . \(\mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.65\) \(M \mathrm{HCl}\), will the mixture be acidic or basic? Find the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the resulting solution.

Calculate the \(\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right]\)for (a) pure water (b) lemon lime soda with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of \(4.3\) (c) root beer with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of \(5.8\) (d) window cleaner with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of \(10.3\)

Balance each of the following equations; then change them into balanced net ionic equations: (a) \(\mathrm{Mg}(s)+\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)+\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (c) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{KClO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)\)

Determine whether each of the following is a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or weak base. Then write an equation describing the process that occurs when the substance is dissolved in water. (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{HBr}\)

Write an equation showing how sodium sulfate dissociates in water.
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