Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 19: Problem 17

Draw structural formulas for all the isomers of (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{Br}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The isomers are: \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\), \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}\) and \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CHCl}\), \(\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}_{2}\), \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CH}_{2}\text{CH}_{2}\text{Br}\) and \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CHBr}\text{CH}_{3}\).

Step by step solution

01

Identify Isomers of \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\)

Given that \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\) has one carbon atom, it can only be arranged as \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\). There are no other isomers for \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\). Draw the structure as: \(\text{H}_{3}\text{C}-\text{Br}\).
02

Identify Isomers of \(\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{Cl}\)

For \(\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{Cl}\), there are two possible isomers: 1. \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}\) (Chloroethane) 2. \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CHCl}\) (1-Chloroethane).
03

Identify Isomers of \(\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}_{2}\)

For \(\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}_{2}\), there is only one possible structure: Dichloromethane, represented as: \(\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}_{2}\) with two chlorine atoms attached to a single carbon atom.
04

Identify Isomers of \(\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{7}\text{Br}\)

For \(\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{7}\text{Br}\), there are two possible isomers: 1. 1-Bromopropane: \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CH}_{2}\text{CH}_{2}\text{Br}\) 2. 2-Bromopropane: \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CHBr}\text{CH}_{3}\).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Structural Formulas
In organic chemistry, structural formulas are vital for understanding molecular structures. A structural formula displays the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how they are connected. For example, in the molecule \(\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{7}\text{Br}\), different ways of arranging its atoms lead to different isomers.
Each structural formula is unique and can represent different compounds with the same molecular formula, known as isomers. Structural formulas provide clarity about how the atoms are linked and the spatial orientation of a molecule. Here are more details:
  • Displayed Formula: Shows every atom and bond in the molecule. For instance, \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CH}_{2}\text{CH}_{2}\text{Br}\).
  • Condensed Formula: Omits some bonds for simplicity. Example: \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{CHBr}\text{CH}_{3}\).
  • Skeletal Formula: Simplifies even further by showing bonds between carbon atoms as lines.
Understanding how to read and draw structural formulas is crucial in organic chemistry.
Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes, are organic compounds where a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) is attached to an alkane. For example, in the exercise, \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\), \(\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{Cl}\), and \(\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{7}\text{Br}\) are alkyl halides.
Here’s more about alkyl halides:
  • Classification: They can be primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the carbon the halogen is attached to. For instance, 1-bromopropane is a primary alkyl halide, where the bromine is attached to a primary carbon.
  • Reactivity: Their reactivity varies with the type of halogen and the carbon to which they are attached. Primary alkyl halides are usually more reactive than secondary and tertiary ones.
  • Uses: Commonly used in pharmaceuticals, solvents, and as intermediates in organic synthesis.
Understanding alkyl halides helps to identify isomers and predict chemical reactions.
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are chemical compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements. They form the basis of organic chemistry.
Key points about organic compounds:
  • Nature of Bonding: Organic compounds primarily involve covalent bonding.
  • Diversity: Millions of organic compounds exist due to carbon's versatility in forming chains, rings, and complex structures.
  • Classification: They are classified into various groups such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, depending on their functional groups.
  • Examples: The compound \(\text{CH}_{2}\text{Cl}_{2}\) (dichloromethane) used in this exercise is an organic compound known as a halomethane, used as a solvent in chemical reactions.
A solid grasp of organic compounds helps in understanding their properties, reactivity, and applications in daily life.
Isomer Identification
Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. Identifying isomers involves determining the different ways to arrange atoms within a molecule.
Here’s how to identify and understand isomers:
  • Types of Isomers: Structural (or constitutional) isomers have different connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.
  • Steps to Identify: For each molecular formula, draw all possible structural formulas. For instance, \(\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{7}\text{Br}\) has two isomers: 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane.
  • Comparison: Compare the structures to ensure they show different connectivity or arrangement.
  • Practical Example: In the given exercise, \(\text{CH}_{3}\text{Br}\) has no isomers since there’s only one way to arrange its atoms, while \(\text{C}_{3}\text{H}_{7}\text{Br}\) has two isomers.
Mastering isomer identification is crucial for understanding the behavior and properties of different organic compounds.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Eight open-chain isomeric alcohols have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{OH}\). (a) Draw the structural formula and write the IUPAC name for each of these alcohols. (b) Indicate which of these isomers are primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

Draw structural formulas and write the IUPAC names for all isomers of trichlorobenzene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}\right)\).

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be significantly soluble in water? Why? $$ \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHO} \\ &\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3} \end{aligned} $$

Draw a four-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Draw structural formulas for (a) 2-pentanol (b) isopropyl alcohol
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free