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Chapter 3: Problem 12

How many total atoms are represented in each formula? (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{KAl}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
CH₃CH₂OH: 9 atoms, KAl(SO₄)₂: 12 atoms, NH₄C₂H₃O₂: 12 atoms, C₆H₄Cl₂: 12 atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Problem

The task is to count the total number of atoms in each molecular formula given. This requires adding the number of each type of atom present in the formula.
02

Calculate Atoms in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\)

Break down the formula into its constituent atoms: - Carbon (C): 2 atoms - Hydrogen (H): 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 atoms - Oxygen (O): 1 atom Total atoms: 2 + 6 + 1 = 9 atoms
03

Calculate Atoms in \(\mathrm{KAl}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{2}\)

Break down the formula into its constituent atoms: - Potassium (K): 1 atom - Aluminum (Al): 1 atom - Sulfur (S): 2 atoms - Oxygen (O): 4 * 2 = 8 atoms Total atoms: 1 + 1 + 2 + 8 = 12 atoms
04

Calculate Atoms in \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Break down the formula into its constituent atoms: - Nitrogen (N): 1 atom - Hydrogen (H): 4 + 3 = 7 atoms - Carbon (C): 2 atoms - Oxygen (O): 2 atoms Total atoms: 1 + 7 + 2 + 2 = 12 atoms
05

Calculate Atoms in \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

Break down the formula into its constituent atoms: - Carbon (C): 6 atoms - Hydrogen (H): 4 atoms - Chlorine (Cl): 2 atoms Total atoms: 6 + 4 + 2 = 12 atoms

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

molecular formula
A molecular formula is a way chemists represent molecules using abbreviations for elements and numerical subscripts. It shows the types and numbers of atoms present in a molecule. For instance, in the formula \(\text{CH}_3 \text{CH}_2 \text{OH}\), each letter stands for a different element: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and O for oxygen. The numbers after the elements indicate how many atoms of each element are included in one molecule. Understanding molecular formulas is vital in chemistry, as it helps us understand the composition and structure of different substances.
atom count
Counting atoms in a molecular formula means determining how many of each type of atom are present. This is done by reading the subscripts next to each element. Let's take an example from the exercise: \(\text{NH}_4 \text{C}_2 \text{H}_3 \text{O}_2\). This formula represents:
  • N: 1 atom of Nitrogen
  • H: 4 + 3 = 7 atoms of Hydrogen
  • C: 2 atoms of Carbon
  • O: 2 atoms of Oxygen
By adding up all the atoms, we get the total atom count: 1 (N) + 7 (H) + 2 (C) + 2 (O) = 12. This approach helps us understand the detailed make-up of the molecule.
chemistry education
Grasping core concepts like molecular formulas and atom counting is essential in chemistry education. These foundational skills allow students to:
  • Understand chemical reactions
  • Balance chemical equations
  • Predict properties of substances
By breaking down complex formulas into their atomic components, students gain insights into the behavior and interaction of different molecules. It also enhances problem-solving skills, as students apply logical steps to count and interpret molecular structures. Effective chemistry education builds a solid base for higher studies and applications in various scientific fields.
chemical composition
Chemical composition refers to the elements that make up a compound and their specific proportions. For example, in \(\text{KAl}\text{(SO}_4\text{)}_2\), we have:
  • K: 1 atom of Potassium
  • Al: 1 atom of Aluminum
  • S: 2 atoms of Sulfur
  • O: 4 * 2 = 8 atoms of Oxygen
The chemical composition is crucial for understanding how substances will react with each other. Different chemicals have unique compositions making them useful for various applications in industries, from pharmaceuticals to materials science. Learning to interpret and break down chemical compositions helps students approach chemistry with confidence and curiosity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many oxygen atoms are represented in each formula? (a) \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)_{3}\)

How many total atoms are there in one molecule of \(\mathrm{C}_{145} \mathrm{H}_{293} \mathrm{O}_{168}\) ?

How many total atoms are present in each of the following compounds? (a) \(\mathrm{CO}\) (b) \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) (e) \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (f) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}\)

Write the name and number of atoms of each element in each of the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (b) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HSO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}\) (e) \(\mathrm{NiCO}_{3}\) (f) \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) (g) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (h) \(\mathrm{PbCrO}_{4}\)

Which of the following are diatomic molecules? (a) \(\mathrm{HCl}\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\) (e) \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) (f) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (g) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) (h) CIF
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