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Chapter 4: Problem 9

Are the following examples of potential energy or kinetic energy? (a) fan blades spinning (d) a person napping (b) a bird flying (e) ocean waves rippling (c) sodium hydroxide in a sealed jar

Short Answer

Expert verified
Kinetic: (a), (b), (e). Potential: (d), (c).

Step by step solution

01

- Define Potential Energy

Potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position or state. Examples include a book on a shelf (gravitational potential energy) or a compressed spring (elastic potential energy).
02

- Define Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. Examples include a moving car or a person running.
03

- Analyze Fan Blades Spinning

Fan blades spinning are in motion, therefore, this is an example of kinetic energy.
04

- Analyze a Person Napping

A person napping is at rest and not moving, so this is an example of potential energy.
05

- Analyze a Bird Flying

A bird flying is in motion, thus it is an example of kinetic energy.
06

- Analyze Ocean Waves Rippling

Ocean waves rippling move water molecules, which indicates kinetic energy.
07

- Analyze Sodium Hydroxide in a Sealed Jar

Sodium hydroxide in a sealed jar is at rest and in a stable state, indicating potential energy.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Types of Energy
Energy is a fundamental concept in physics, and it comes in various forms. Two primary types of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy.
  • Potential Energy: This is the energy stored in an object due to its position, condition, or composition. Common examples include a stretched rubber band (elastic potential energy) and a rock perched on a hill (gravitational potential energy).
  • Kinetic Energy: This is the energy of an object due to its motion. Examples include a rolling ball, a flying bird, or fan blades spinning.
Understanding these types of energy helps explain various physical phenomena and enables the analysis of systems in motion and at rest.
Energy States
Energy states refer to whether energy is being stored or is in use. Potential energy represents a stored energy state, while kinetic energy represents an active energy state.
  • When an object is at rest and has no motion, it usually has potential energy. For example, sodium hydroxide in a sealed jar is not in motion and thus possesses potential energy.
  • When an object is in motion, it transitions to an active state of energy, known as kinetic energy. Consider a bird flying through the sky - it is actively moving and hence has kinetic energy.
Identifying the energy state of an object helps determine whether the energy is static or dynamic.
Motion vs Position Energy
Understanding the difference between energy from motion and energy from position is essential.
  • Motion Energy: Also known as kinetic energy, it occurs when objects move. Ocean waves rippling are a great example because the water is in constant motion, making the waves an instance of kinetic energy.
  • Position Energy: Known as potential energy, it is stored due to the object's position or state. A person napping or a book on a shelf exhibits potential energy because they are not in motion, and their energy is based on their position.
By analyzing these types, we can classify different scenarios correctly and understand the underlying energy dynamics at play.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Assuming no heat loss by the system, what will be the final temperature when \(50.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at \(10.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) are mixed with \(10.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at \(50.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?

What happens to the kinetic energy of a speeding car when the car is braked to a stop?

State whether each of the following represents a chemical change or a physical change: (a) A few grams of sucrose (table sugar) are placed in a small beaker of deionized water; the sugar crystals "disappear," and the liquid in the beaker remains clear and colorless. (b) A copper statue, over time, turns green. (c) When a teaspoon of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is placed into a few ounces of vinegar (acetic acid), volumes of bubbles (effervescence) are produced. (d) When a few grams of a blue crystalline solid are placed into a beaker of deionized water, the crystals "disappear" and the liquid becomes clear and blue in color. (e) In the lab, a student mixes \(2 \mathrm{~mL}\) of sodium hydroxide with \(2 \mathrm{~mL}\) of hydrochloric acid in a test tube. He notices that the test tube is very warm to the touch. (f) A woman visits a hairdresser and has her hair colored a darker shade of brown. After several weeks the hair, even though washed several times, does not change back to the original color.

A 155 -g sample of copper was heated to \(150.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), then placed into \(250.0 \mathrm{~g}\) water at \(19.8^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (The specific heat of copper is \(0.385\) \(\mathrm{J} / \mathrm{g}^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).) Calculate the final temperature of the mixture. (Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings.)

Determine whether each of the following represents a physical property or a chemical property: (a) Chlorine gas has a greenish-yellow tint. (b) The density of water at \(4^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(1.000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\). (c) Hydrogen gas is very flammable. (d) Aluminum is a solid at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (e) Water is colorless and odorless. (f) Lemon juice tastes sour. (g) Gold does not tarnish. (h) Copper cannot be decomposed.
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