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Chapter 6: Problem 15

Name these compounds by the Stock System (IUPAC): (a) \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{2}\) (e) \(\mathrm{SnF}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (f) \(\mathrm{VPO}_{4}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The names are: copper(II) chloride, iron(II) chloride, iron(III) chloride, iron(II) nitrate, tin(II) fluoride, and vanadium(III) phosphate.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Stock System

The Stock System (IUPAC) names compounds by indicating the oxidation state of the metal as a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the metal name.
02

- Name \(\mathrm{CuCl}_2\)

Determine the oxidation state of Cu in \(\mathrm{CuCl}_2\). Each Cl has a -1 charge, and there are 2 Cl atoms, giving a total charge of -2. Therefore, Cu must have a +2 oxidation state to balance the charges. The name is copper(II) chloride.
03

- Name \(\mathrm{FeCl}_2\)

Determine the oxidation state of Fe in \(\mathrm{FeCl}_2\). Each Cl has a -1 charge, and there are 2 Cl atoms, giving a total charge of -2. Therefore, Fe must have a +2 oxidation state to balance the charges. The name is iron(II) chloride.
04

- Name \(\mathrm{FeCl}_3\)

Determine the oxidation state of Fe in \(\mathrm{FeCl}_3\). Each Cl has a -1 charge, and there are 3 Cl atoms, giving a total charge of -3. Therefore, Fe must have a +3 oxidation state to balance the charges. The name is iron(III) chloride.
05

- Name \(\mathrm{Fe(NO_3)_2}\)

Determine the oxidation state of Fe in \(\mathrm{Fe(NO_3)_2}\). Each \(\mathrm{NO_3}\) has a -1 charge, and there are 2 \(\mathrm{NO_3}\) groups, giving a total charge of -2. Therefore, Fe must have a +2 oxidation state to balance the charges. The name is iron(II) nitrate.
06

- Name \(\mathrm{SnF}_2\)

Determine the oxidation state of Sn in \(\mathrm{SnF}_2\). Each F has a -1 charge, and there are 2 F atoms, giving a total charge of -2. Therefore, Sn must have a +2 oxidation state to balance the charges. The name is tin(II) fluoride.
07

- Name \(\mathrm{VPO_4}\)

Determine the oxidation state of V in \(\mathrm{VPO_4}\). \(\mathrm{PO_4}\) has a charge of -3. Therefore, V must have a +3 oxidation state to balance the charges. The name is vanadium(III) phosphate.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Oxidation States
Oxidation states are essential for naming chemical compounds, especially those involving transition metals. The oxidation state of an atom in a compound indicates its degree of oxidation and is denoted as a positive or negative integer. For example, in \(\text{FeCl}_3\), iron (Fe) has an oxidation state of +3 because each chlorine (Cl) has an oxidation state of -1 and there are three chlorines, resulting in Fe balancing the total charge with +3. To determine oxidation states, follow these guidelines:
  • Elements in their pure form have an oxidation state of zero (e.g., \(\text{O}_2\) has an oxidation state of 0).
  • For ions, the oxidation state is the same as the ion charge (e.g., \(\text{Na}^+\) has an oxidation state of +1).
  • In compounds, certain atoms consistently have the same oxidation state (e.g., oxygen is usually -2, and hydrogen is typically +1).
  • The sum of oxidation states in a neutral compound must be zero, while in a polyatomic ion, it should equal the ion's charge.
Understanding these principles helps in correctly naming and balancing chemical equations.
IUPAC Naming
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) system standardizes chemical compound names globally. This system provides a clear and consistent way to name compounds, removing ambiguity. One crucial aspect of IUPAC naming for transition metals is the Stock System. Here’s how it works:
  • The metal's name is written first.
  • The metal's oxidation state is shown in Roman numerals within parentheses immediately following the metal’s name (e.g., iron(III) chloride).
  • The non-metal's name follows, with its ending changed to '-ide' if it’s a simple anion (e.g., chloride for Cl^-, fluoride for F^-).
Using these rules ensures accuracy and uniformity in chemical nomenclature. For instance, \(\text{FeCl}_2\) is named iron(II) chloride because iron has an oxidation state of +2.
Transition Metal Compounds
Transition metals have unique properties making their compounds interesting and essential in chemistry. Because they can possess multiple oxidation states, it's crucial to specify which oxidation state is present in a given compound. For example, iron can form both \(\text{FeCl}_2\) (iron(II) chloride) and \(\text{FeCl}_3\) (iron(III) chloride). This versatility in forming different compounds results in diverse chemical reactivity and applications.

When analyzing such compounds:
  • Identify the non-metal and its usual oxidation state.
  • Calculate the total negative charge contributed by the non-metals.
  • Balance this charge with the appropriate positive oxidation state of the metal to maintain overall neutrality.
Hence, it’s essential to comprehend both the variable oxidation states of transition metals and their influence on compound behavior.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

After studying chemistry, you should be able to recognize more of the substances listed on consumer products. A list of ingredients for dog food follows: Chicken By-Product Meal (Natural source of Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine), Corn Meal, Ground Whole Grain Sorghum, Ground Whole Grain Barley, Fish Meal (source of fish oil), Chicken, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Dried Beet Pulp, Chicken Flavor, Dried Egg Product, Potassium Chloride, Brewers Dried Yeast, Salt, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Fructooligosaccharides, Fish Oil (preserved with mixed Tocopherols, a source of Vitamin E), Calcium Carbonate, Flax Meal, Choline Chloride, Minerals (Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Oxide, Manganese Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Potassium Iodide, Cobalt Carbonate), Vitamin E Supplement, Dried Chicken Cartilage (Natural source of Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine), DL-Methionine, Vitamins (Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin A Acetate, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Thiamine Mononitrate (source of Vitamin B1), Vitamin B12 Supplement, Niacin, Riboflavin Supplement (source of Vitamin B2), Inositol, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (source of Vitamin B6), Vitamin D3 Supplement, Folic Acid), Beta-Carotene, L-Carnitine, Marigold, Citric Acid, Rosemary Extract. Many of the substances in this bag of dog food are ionic compounds that you should be able to recognize. The manufacturers of this dog food did not completely identify some of the compounds. Write the chemical formula of the following compounds found in this ingredient list. (a) potassium chloride (f) copper sulfate (b) calcium carbonate (g) manganous oxide (c) ferrous sulfate (h) potassium iodide (d) zinc oxide (i) cobalt carbonate (e) manganese sulfate (j) sodium chloride

Write the formula of the compound that will be formed between these elements: (a) \(\mathrm{Al}\) and \(\mathrm{S}\) (d) Sr and \(O\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\) (e) Cs and P (c) \(\mathrm{K}\) and \(\mathrm{N}\) (f) \(\mathrm{Al}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\)

Write formulas for these compounds: (a) silver sulfite (i) potassium (b) cobalt(II) bromide permanganate (c) tin(II) hydroxide (j) arsenic(V) sulfite (d) aluminum sulfate (k) sodium peroxide (e) lead(II) chloride (1) iron(II) sulfate (f) ammonium carbonate (m) potassium dichromate (g) chromium(III) oxide (n) bismuth(III) chromate (h) copper(II) chloride

Name these acids: (a) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{HBr}\) (g) \(\mathrm{HF}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (e) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\) (h) \(\mathrm{HBrO}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) (f) \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (i) \(\mathrm{HIO}_{4}\)

Write the systematic names for the following: (a) baking soda \(\left(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\right)\) (d) vinegar \(\left(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) (b) quicksilver ( \(\mathrm{Hg}\) ) (e) Epsom salts \(\left(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} \cdot 7 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\) (c) lime (CaO) (f) lye \((\mathrm{NaOH})\)
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