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Chapter 1: Problem 12

What type of change-physical or chemical-is necessary to separate the following? [Hint: Refer to a listing of the elements.] (a) sugar from a sand/ sugar mixture (b) iron from iron oxide (rust) (c) pure water from seawater (d) water from a slurry of sand in water

Short Answer

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(a) Physical change - sugar from a sand/sugar mixture\n(b) Chemical change - iron from iron oxide (rust)\n(c) Physical change - pure water from seawater\n(d) Physical change - water from a slurry of sand in water

Step by step solution

01

Sugar from a sand/sugar mixture

The most effective method for separating a sand and sugar mixture would be through dissolution and filtration. In this process, water is added to the mixture, enabling the sugar to dissolve while the sand does not. Filtration then allows for the separation of the insoluble sand from the sugar solution. As this involves no chemical changes, only physical changes to the mixture, it is considered a physical reaction.
02

Iron from iron oxide (rust)

A chemical reaction is required to separate iron from iron oxide. This process would typically involve a method such as electrolysis or a reduction reaction. For instance, the application of carbon monoxide to the iron oxide, a method widely referred to as the 'Blast Furnace' method, would yield iron and carbon dioxide. As this involves changes in the composition of the substance, it is a chemical change.
03

Pure water from seawater

Distillation, a process that involves evaporation and condensation, would most effectively separate pure water from seawater. Seawater is boiled, turning the water to steam and leaving behind solid salt. The steam is then condensed back into liquid water in a new container. Given that no chemical changes occur in this process, it is considered a physical reaction.
04

Water from a slurry of sand in water

Water from a slurry of sand can be separated through the process of filtration or evaporation. The water filters out, leaving the sand behind, or the slurry is left to evaporate, with the sand remaining as a residue. As there is no change in the chemical composition of the substances, it is a physical change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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