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Chapter 1: Problem 7

State whether the following properties of matter are physical or chemical. (a) An iron nail is attracted to a magnet. (b) A piece of paper spontaneously ignites when its temperature reaches \(451^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\). (c) A bronze statue develops a green coating (patina) over time. (d) A block of wood floats on water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The properties of (a) an iron nail being attracted to a magnet and (d) a block of wood floating on water are physical. The properties of (b) a piece of paper spontaneously igniting when its temperature reaches \(451^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) and (c) a bronze statue developing a patina over time are chemical.

Step by step solution

01

Property of Iron Nail

Determine whether the property of an iron nail being attracted to a magnet is chemical or physical. It's physical. Iron is known as a ferromagnetic material, which is a substance that possesses magnetic properties in the presence of a magnetic field. This property can be observed without altering the chemical composition of the iron nail. Therefore, the attraction of an iron nail to a magnet is a physical property.
02

Ignition of Paper

Determine the nature of paper catching fire at a certain temperature. When paper spontaneously ignites, it's undergoing a chemical reaction known as combustion. This alters the paper's composition, turning it into a completely different substance (ash and releasing gas). Thus, this property is chemical.
03

Patina on Bronze Statue

Classify the transformation that causes a bronze statue to develop a patina. A patina is a green layer that forms on bronze, copper and similar metals due to a long-term exposure to the atmosphere. This change is the result of a chemical reaction - oxidation, where the metal reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere. Therefore, the formation of a patina on a bronze statue is a chemical property.
04

Floating Wood Block

Identify the nature of the property that makes a block of wood float on water. Wood's ability to float is owing to it having a lower density than water. This can be observed without chemically changing the wood. Thus, the property of wood floating on water is a physical property.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A fertilizer contains \(21 \%\) nitrogen by mass. What mass of this fertilizer, in kilograms, is required for an application requiring \(225 \mathrm{g}\) of nitrogen?

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Express each number in exponential notation. (a) \(8950 .;\)(b) \(10,700 . ;(\text { c) } 0.0240 ; \text { (d) } 0.0047 ; \text { (e) } 938.3 ; \text { (f) } 275,482\).

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Express the result of each of the following calculations in exponential form and with the appropriate number of significant figures. (a) \(\left(4.65 \times 10^{4}\right) \times\left(2.95 \times 10^{-2}\right) \times\left(6.663 \times 10^{-3}\right) \times 8.2=\) (b) \(\frac{1912 \times\left(0.0077 \times 10^{4}\right) \times\left(3.12 \times 10^{-3}\right)}{\left(4.18 \times 10^{-4}\right)^{3}}=\) {c} \(\left(3.46 \times 10^{3}\right) \times 0.087 \times 15.26 \times 1.0023=\) (d) \(\frac{\left(4.505 \times 10^{-2}\right)^{2} \times 1.080 \times 1545.9}{0.03203 \times 10^{3}}=\) (e) \(\frac{\left(-3.61 \times 10^{-4}\right)+\sqrt{\left(3.61 \times 10^{-4}\right)^{2}+4(1.00)\left(1.9 \times 10^{-5}\right)}}{2 \times(1.00)}\) [Hint: The significant figure rule for the extraction of a root is the same as for multiplication.]
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