Explain the important distinctions between each pair of terms: (a) mass and weight; (b) intensive and extensive properties; (c) substance and mixture; (d) systematic and random errors; (e) hypothesis and theory.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) Mass is the amount of matter and is constant; weight is force of gravity and varies with location. b) Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance; extensive properties depend on the amount. c) Substance has a constant composition and properties; a mixture is a physical blend of components. d) Systematic errors are predictable and consistent; random errors are unpredictable. e) A hypothesis is a proposed explanation to be tested; a theory is a well-established, tested explanation.

Step by step solution

01

Explain Distinction between Mass and Weight

Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object which remains constant regardless of location. On the other hand, weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object and can change depending on the gravity at each location.
02

Define Intensive and Extensive properties

Intensive properties are not dependent on the amount of substance present and include properties such as temperature, boiling point, and density. Conversely, extensive properties depend on the amount of substance and include parameters like mass and volume.
03

Distinction between Substance and Mixture

A substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition and properties. In contrast, a mixture is a physical blend of two or more components and can be separated into its individual parts.
04

Clarify Systematic and Random Errors

Systematic errors are consistent, predictable errors that are often due to inaccuracies in equipment. Random errors, however, fluctuate and are unpredictable, often due to human estimation or variability in measurement techniques.
05

Distinguish between Hypothesis and Theory

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon and needs to be tested. A theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation that has been tested and is widely accepted in the scientific community

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