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Chapter 10: Problem 29

Write a plausible Lewis structure for crotonaldehyde, $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHCHCHO},$ a substance used in tear gas and insecticides.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The plausible lewis structure for crotonaldehyde is: H₃C-CH=CH-CHO, with 22 valence electrons distributed to achieve maximum stability.

Step by step solution

01

Determine Total Number of Valence Electrons

Firstly, calculate the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons, Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron, and Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons. For our molecule, we have 4 Carbon atoms, 5 Hydrogen atoms, and 1 Oxygen atom. So, the total number of valence electrons is \((4*4) + (5*1) + (6*1) = 22\) valence electrons.
02

Draw the Skeletal Structure

Next, connect the atoms to form the skeletal structure of the molecule. Typically, Carbon is the central atom, Hydrogen and Halogens are generally terminal. So, the skeletal structure will look something like this: H₃C-CH=CH-CHO.
03

Distribute electrons

Now, we distribute the electrons to satisfy the Octet Rule. The double lines represent a double bond, which means there are four electrons between those Carbon atoms. The remaining bonds are single, each representing two shared electrons. After connecting the atoms and satisfying the Carbon atoms Octet rule, if there are some valence electrons left, place them on the Oxygen atom.
04

Review and check

Finally, check the structure to ensure that every atom (other than Hydrogen) obeys the octet rule, and the total number of used electrons matches the number of valence electrons calculated in Step 1. If it does not satisfy these conditions, reevaluate your structure.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Levulinic acid has the formula $\mathrm{CH}_{3}(\mathrm{CO}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}$ COOH. Sketch the levulinic acid molecule, and indicate the various bond angles.

Construct a concept map illustrating the connections between Lewis dot structures, the shapes of molecules, and polarity.

Sketch the propyne molecule, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}\). Indicate the bond angles in this molecule. What is the maximum number of atoms that can be in the same plane?

The greatest bond length is found in (a) \(\mathrm{O}_{2} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Br}_{2} ;\) (d) BrCl.

Predict the shapes of the following sulfur-containing species. (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\).
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