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Chapter 10: Problem 39

What is the percent ionic character of each of the following bonds: (a) \(\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{H} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{Cl} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{Al}-\mathrm{O}\) (d) As - O?

Short Answer

Expert verified
After doing all of the calculations, the percentage ionic characters for the given bonds (approx) are: (a) S-H: 9.4%, (b) O-Cl: 13%, (c) Al-O: 57%, (d) As-O: 6%.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the Electronegativity Values

Look up the electronegativity values of the atoms in each bond from a trusted source such as a textbook or reliable online resource. For instance, typical values are: S (2.58), H (2.20), O (3.44), Cl (3.16), Al (1.61), and As (2.18).
02

Calculate the Difference in Electronegativity

For each bond (S-H, O-Cl, Al-O, As-O), calculate the absolute difference in electronegativity values. For example, for the bond S-H, the difference would be |2.58 - 2.20| = 0.38. Repeat this calculation for all bonds.
03

Calculate the Percent Ionic Character

Using the formula: Percent ionic character = 16(XA - XB) + 3.5(XA - XB)^2 , substitute the calculated electronegativity differences from step 2 into the formula to determine the percent ionic character for each bond. Here, (XA - XB) is the difference in electronegativity. For the S-H bond, the percent ionic character would be \(16 \times 0.38 + 3.5 \times 0.38^2\). Calculate this for all bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A few years ago the synthesis of a salt containing the \(\mathrm{N}_{5}^{+}\) ion was reported. What is the likely shape of this ion-linear, bent, zigzag, tetrahedral, seesaw, or square-planar? Explain your choice.

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