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Chapter 10: Problem 80

One of the isomers of chloromethanol has the formula $\mathrm{ClCH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} .$ Sketch, by using the dash and wedge symbolism, this isomer of chloromethanol, and indicate the various bond angles.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The isomer of chloromethanol, \(ClCH_2OH\), can be drawn using dash-wedge notation with bond angles close to \(109.5^\circ\) forming a tetrahedral shape around the Carbon atom.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Central Atom

First, identify the central atom which will be Carbon (C), since it has the greatest capacity to form bonds. So, Carbon will be in the center and the other atoms (Hydrogens, Chlorine, and Oxygen) will surround it.
02

Draw Bonds

To represent the molecule, draw single bonds from Carbon to the other atoms, with two Hydrogens (H), one Chlorine (Cl), and one Oxygen (O). Draw one of the bonds in a dash line (behind the plane) and another as a wedge (out of the plane). You can arrange the atoms in any order, but usually the atom with highest electronegativity (Cl) is placed opposite to the atom with lowest electronegativity (H). The OH group is usually drawn in plane with one of the hydrogens.
03

Indicate Bond Angles

Since carbon is tetrahedrally hybridized in this compound (sp3 hybridization), there are four sigma bonds forming a tetrahedral shape around the Carbon atom. So, the bond angles in chloromethanol ClCH2OH should be close to \(109.5^\circ\), the ideal bond angle for a tetrahedron.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give several examples for which the following statement proves to be incorrect. "All atoms in a Lewis structure have an octet of electrons in their valence shells."

Hydrogen azide, \(\mathrm{HN}_{3}\), can exist in two forms. One form has the three nitrogen atoms connected in a line; and the nitrogen atoms form a triangle in the other. Construct Lewis structures for these isomers and describe their shapes. Other interesting derivatives are nitrosyl azide ( \(\mathrm{N}_{4} \mathrm{O}\) ) and trifluoromethyl azide \(\left(\mathrm{CF}_{3} \mathrm{N}_{3}\right) .\) Describe the shapes of these molecules based on a line of nitrogen atoms.

Comment on the similarities and differences in the molecular structure of the following four-atom species: \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}, \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}, \mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-},\) and \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\).

Which molecule is nonlinear? (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\); (c) HCN; (d) NO.

Levulinic acid has the formula $\mathrm{CH}_{3}(\mathrm{CO}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}$ COOH. Sketch the levulinic acid molecule, and indicate the various bond angles.
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