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Chapter 11: Problem 106

Construct a concept map that embodies the ideas of valence bond theory.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A concept map of the valence bond theory begins with the central node 'Valence Bond Theory', this node branches to various sub-concepts including: 'Atomic Orbitals', 'Hybrid Orbitals', 'Sigma Bonds', 'Pi Bonds'. Each concept is further explained, and the relationships are illustrated with arrows between the different nodes. The aim of this map is to provide a visual overview of the complexities and relationships within the valence bond theory.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Main Concept

At the center of the map is the main concept 'Valence Bond Theory'. All other related concepts are connected to this main point.
02

Connecting Sub-Concepts

Next, draw branches from the main 'Valence Bond Theory' box to different boxes or circles containing related sub-concepts such as 'Atomic Orbitals', 'Hybrid Orbitals', 'Sigma Bonds' and 'Pi Bonds'.
03

Indicate Relationships

Arrows or lines would be drawn between these points to show their relationships. The labels on these arrows will describe the relation between the linked concepts. The direction of the arrows indicates the relationship direction between the concepts.
04

Detailing the Sub-Concepts

In each of the sub-concept areas, further details about each can be added. For example, atomic orbitals can be further subdivided into 's', 'p', 'd', and 'f' orbitals.
05

Continuous Review and Update

After mapping out the key points of the valence bond theory, ensure to review the map for omissions or confusing parts. The map should be updated as new insights or information comes up.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A conjugated hydrocarbon has an alternation of double and single bonds. Draw the molecular orbitals of the \(\pi\) system of 1,3,5 -hexatriene. If the energy required to excite an electron from the HOMO to the LUMO corresponds to a wavelength of \(256 \mathrm{nm},\) do you expect the wavelength for the corresponding excitation in 1,3,5,7 -octatetraene to be a longer or shorter wavelength?

Write Lewis structures for the following molecules, and then label each \(\sigma\) and \(\pi\) bond. (a) \(\mathrm{HCN} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{N}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHCHCCl}_{3} ;\) (d) HONO.

Methyl nitrate, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\), is used as a rocket propellant. The skeletal structure of the molecule is \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{ONO}_{2}\). The N and three O atoms all lie in the same plane, but the \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) group is not in the same plane as the \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\) group. The bond angle \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{N}\) is \(105^{\circ},\) and the bond angle \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{O}\) is \(125^{\circ} .\) One nitrogen-to-oxygen bond length is \(136 \mathrm{pm},\) and the other two are \(126 \mathrm{pm}\) (a) Draw a sketch of the molecule showing its geometric shape. (b) Label all the bonds in the molecule as \(\sigma\) or \(\pi\), and indicate the probable orbital overlaps involved. (c) Explain why all three nitrogen-to-oxygen bond lengths are not the same.

Consider the molecules \(\mathrm{NO}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{N}_{2}^{+}\) and use molecular orbital theory to answer the following: (a) Write the molecular orbital configuration of each ion (ignore the 1 s electrons). (b) Predict the bond order of each ion. (c) Which of these ions is paramagnetic? Which is diamagnetic? (d) Which of these ions do you think has the greater bond length? Explain.

Construct a molecular orbital diagram for \(\mathrm{HF}\), and label the molecular orbitals as bonding, antibonding, or nonbonding.
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