Indicate which of the following molecules and ions are linear, which are planar, and which are neither. Then propose hybridization schemes for the central atoms. (a) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CCl}_{2} ;(\mathrm{b}) \mathrm{N} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N} ;(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{F}_{3} \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N}\) (d) \([\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N}]^{-}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Planar, sp2 hybridized central atom. (b) Linear, sp hybridized central atom. (c) Neither, sp3 hybridized for the first central atom and sp for the second. (d) Linear, sp hybridized central atom.

Step by step solution

01

Determine Geometry of Molecules

Analyze the structure of given molecules or ions in each part of the problem. (a) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CCl}_{2}\): The central atom is a carbon represented by \(C=\). This molecule is planar due to the sp2 hybridization. (b) \(\mathrm{N} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N}\): Here, the molecule is linear with the central atom being carbon, due to sp hybridization. (c) \(\mathrm{F}_{3} \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N}\): We have two central atoms here the first being an sp3 hybridized carbon making the molecule 'neither' planar nor linear. The second carbon atom is sp hybridized and forms a linear portion of the molecule. (d) \([\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N}]^{-}\): The molecule is linear with sp hybridization.
02

Propose Hybridization Scheme

Determine the hybridization type for each central atom. (a) The central carbon facilitating a double bond with another carbon and single bonds with chlorine atoms is sp2 hybridized. (b) The central carbon atom linked with two nitrogen atoms with three bond pairs is sp hybridized. (c) The first central carbon atom linked with three fluorine atoms and another carbon atom is sp3 hybridized. The second carbon atom linked to the first carbon and nitrogen atom with three bond pairs is sp hybridized. (d) The central carbon linked to sulfur and nitrogen with three bond pairs is sp hybridized.

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