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Chapter 11: Problem 66

Think of the reaction shown here as involving the transfer of a fluoride ion from \(\mathrm{ClF}_{3}\) to \(\mathrm{AsF}_{5}\) to form the ions \(\mathrm{ClF}_{2}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{AsF}_{6}^{-}\). As a result, the hybridization scheme of each central atom must change. For each reactant molecule and product ion, indicate (a) its geometric structure and (b) the hybridization scheme for its central atom. $$ \mathrm{ClF}_{3}+\mathrm{AsF}_{5} \longrightarrow\left(\mathrm{ClF}_{2}^{+}\right)\left(\mathrm{AsF}_{6}^{-}\right) $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The geometric structure and hybridization scheme for each compound are as follows: ClF3 is T-shaped and SP3D, AsF5 is trigonal bipyramidal and SP3D, ClF2+ is linear and SP, AsF6- is octahedral and SP3D2.

Step by step solution

01

Determine Geometric Structure of ClF3

The central atom Cl has 7 valence electrons. ClF3 has 5 electron pairs around the central atom (2 lone pairs + 3 bonds with F). Thus, the shape is T-shaped due to 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs of electrons.
02

Determine Hybridization of ClF3

The SP3D hybridization occurs when there are 5 electron pairs around the central atom, which matches with ClF3. So, the hybridization scheme of ClF3 is SP3D.
03

Determine Geometric Structure of AsF5

The central atom As has 5 valence electrons. AsF5 has 5 electron pairs around the central atom (all are bonding pairs with F). Thus, the shape is trigonal bipyramidal.
04

Determine Hybridization of AsF5

The SP3D hybridization occurs when there are 5 electron pairs around the central atom, which matches with AsF5. So, the hybridization scheme of AsF5 is SP3D.
05

Determine Geometric Structure of ClF2+

Chlorine now forms 2 bonds with F and has 3 lone pairs of electrons. The geometric structure of ClF2+ is linear.
06

Determine Hybridization of ClF2+

The SP hybridization occurs when there are 2 electron pairs. So, the hybridization scheme of ClF2+ is SP.
07

Determine Geometric Structure of AsF6-

Arsenic bonds with 6 F atoms and there are no lone pairs. Its geometric structure is octahedral.
08

Determine Hybridization of AsF6-

The SP3D2 hybridization occurs when there are 6 electron pairs. So, the hybridization scheme of AsF6- is SP3D2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A molecule in which \(s p^{2}\) hybrid orbitals are used by the central atom in forming covalent bonds is (a) \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2} ;\) (d) \(\mathrm{He}_{2}\)

The 60 -cycle alternating electric current (AC) commonly used in households changes direction 120 times per second. That is, in a one-second time period a terminal at an electric outlet is positive 60 times and negative 60 times. In direct electric current (DC), the flow between terminals is in one direction only. A rectifer is a device that converts alternating to direct current. One type of rectifier is the \(p-n\) junction rectifier. It is commonly incorporated in adapters required to operate electronic devices from ordinary house current. In the operation of this rectifier, a \(p\) -type semiconductor and an \(n\) -type semiconductor are in contact along a boundary, or junction. Each semiconductor is connected to one of the terminals in an AC electrical outlet. Describe how this rectifier works. That is, show that when the semiconductors are connected to the terminals in an AC outlet, half the time a large flow of charge occurs and half the time essentially no charge flows across the \(p-n\) junction.

In which of the following, \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}, \mathrm{SO}_{2}, \mathrm{CCl}_{4}, \mathrm{CO}\) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-},\) would you expect to find \(s p^{2}\) hybridization of the central atom? Explain.

Construct the molecular orbital diagram for CaF. Would you expect the bond length of \(\mathrm{CaF}^{+}\) to be longer or shorter than that of CaF?

Delocalized molecular orbitals are found in (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HS}^{-} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4} ;\) (d) \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\) .
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