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Chapter 12: Problem 16

Would you predict the surface tension of \(t\) -butyl alcohol, \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{COH},\) to be greater than or less than that of \(\mathrm{n}\) -butyl alcohol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Based on the analysis of intermolecular forces and molecular structures, the surface tension of n-butyl alcohol \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}OH\) is expected to be greater than that of t-butyl alcohol \((CH_{3})_{3}COH\).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding t-butyl alcohol

t-butyl alcohol, \((CH_{3})_{3}COH\) has three methyl groups attached to a central carbon atom that is also attached to a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group (-OH) contributes to polarity, making it capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
02

Understanding n-butyl alcohol

n-butyl alcohol \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}OH\) has a longer carbon chain. It also possesses a hydroxyl group at one end, making it capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
03

Comparing molecular structures

Comparing the two structures, n-butyl alcohol has a longer carbon chain compared to t-butyl alcohol. The longer carbon chain provides more opportunities for Van der Waals forces of attraction to occur, leading to stronger total intermolecular forces.
04

Relating molecular structure to surface tension

Surface tension is directly proportional to the magnitude of intermolecular forces. A substance with stronger intermolecular forces will have a higher surface tension. Given the analysis in the previous steps, n-butyl alcohol is expected to exhibit stronger intermolecular forces compared to t-butyl alcohol, due to its longer carbon chain and higher amount of Van der Waals forces.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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