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Chapter 12: Problem 19

As a liquid evaporated from an open container, its temperature was observed to remain roughly constant. When the same liquid evaporated from a thermally insulated container (a vacuum bottle or Dewar flask), its temperature was observed to drop. How would you account for this difference?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The temperature of the liquid remains roughly constant when it evaporates from an open container because the heat drawn for evaporation is supplied by the environment and the container, maintaining its temperature. However, in a thermally insulated container, the heat for evaporation is drawn only from the liquid itself, without a compensatory supply from the surroundings, causing the liquid's temperature to drop.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Evaporation

Evaporation is a surface phenomenon that causes a liquid to turn into gas. It's a process in which energy, in the form of heat, is absorbed from the surrounding environment to break down the bonds between molecules within the liquid. When this heat is drawn from the liquid itself, the liquid tends to cool down.
02

Liquid in Open Container

When a liquid evaporates from an open container, it absorbs heat from its immediate surroundings. These surroundings include the container itself and the outside environment. Heat is constantly being supplied to the liquid from these sources, compensating for the heat absorbed by the liquid during evaporation. This heat exchange makes the temperature of the liquid remain roughly constant.
03

Liquid in Thermally Insulated Container

When the same liquid evaporates from a thermally insulated container, the scenario changes. The insulation of this type of container is such that there is a minimal supply of heat from the container to the liquid and no heat supply from the outside environment. The heat required for evaporation is predominantly sourced from the liquid itself. As a result, the temperature of the liquid drops as it loses heat to evaporation without heat compensation.

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