Which aqueous solution from the column on the right has the property listed on the left? Explain your choices. $$\begin{array}{ll}\hline \text { Property } & \text { Solution } \\\\\hline \text { 1. lowest electrical } & \text { a. } 0.10 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{KCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \\\\\text { conductivity } & \\\\\text { 2. } \text { lowest boiling } & \text { b. } 0.15 \mathrm{m}\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}(\mathrm{aq}) \\\\\text { point } & \\\\\text { 3. highest vapor pressure } & \text { c. } 0.10 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}(\mathrm{aq}) \\\\\text { of water at } 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} & \\\\\text { 4. lowest freezing point } & \text { d. } 0.05 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{NaCl} \\\\\hline\end{array}$$

Step by step solution

01

Lowest Electrical Conductivity

The solution with the least amount of ions or with the ions that do not ionize completely should have the lowest electrical conductivity. Among the given solutions, CH3COOH (acetic acid) is a weak acid and does not ionize completely in water, whereas other solutions are either ionic salts or sucrose that ionize completely or do not ionize at all. Hence, solution c, CH3COOH should have the lowest electrical conductivity.

02

Lowest Boiling Point

The solution that interferes least with the intermolecular forces of water will have the lowest boiling point. The only solution that does not introduce any ions and thus preserves waters' boiling point as much as possible is b. C12H22O11(aq). Boiling point elevation is a colligative property, which depends upon the number of solute particles in solution rather than their nature. As a molecular compound, C12H22O11 does not break apart into ions when it dissolves and thus has the least effect

03

Highest Vapor Pressure of Water

Again, the solution which interferes least with the intermolecular forces of water will have the highest vapor pressure. Therefore, the option is again b. C12H22O11. Sucrose does not ionize in water when it dissolves. It therefore has less of an effect on the vapor pressure than the other solutes that ionize into at least two particles when they dissolve.

04

Lowest Freezing Point

The solution with more ions will have the lowest freezing point. Both NaCl and KCL dissociate into two ions when they dissolve, but NaCl is present at lower molarity. Still, it provides more ions in solution because in water it produces 2 ions, while sugar does not ionize and CH3COOH being a weak acid ionizes only to a small extent. Therefore, solution d, 0.05 m NaCl, should have the lowest freezing point, because it produces the most particles (ions) per formula unit of solute.

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