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Chapter 13: Problem 132

In a saturated solution at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 1 bar, for the following solutes, which condition will increase solubility? (a) \(\operatorname{Ar}(g),\) decrease temperature; (b) \(\mathrm{NaCl}(\mathrm{s})\) increase pressure; (c) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\), decrease pressure; (d) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) increase volume.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Only decreasing the temperature will increase the solubility of Ar(g). Changing pressure will not have a significant effect on NaCl's solubility and decreasing the pressure will decrease N2's solubility. Increasing the volume doesn't directly impact CO2's solubility.

Step by step solution

01

Review the General Principles affecting Solubility

Generally, there are three major factors that affect solubility: temperature, pressure, and nature of the solute and solvent. The solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases with increase in temperature and increases with increase in pressure according to Henry's law. The solubility of solids in liquids usually increases with increase in temperature, while the effect of pressure on the solubility of solids and liquids in liquids is insignificant.
02

Apply the Principles to the Given Solutes

(a) For argon gas (\(Ar(g)\)), decreasing the temperature will increase the solubility because gas solubility increases as temperature decreases. (b) For sodium chloride (\(\mathrm{NaCl}(s)\)), changing the pressure will not have a significant impact on its solubility because it is a solid. (c) For nitrogen gas (\(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)\)), decreasing the pressure will decrease, not increase, its solubility in the solvent. The solubility of a gas decreases as the pressure decreases. (d) For carbon dioxide (\(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)), increasing the volume will not have a significant effect on the solubility because the volume of the container does not directly affect the solubility.
03

Conclude the Conditions for Increased Solubility

In conclusion, only for argon gas, a decrease in temperature will increase its solubility. The solubility of NaCl and \(N_2\) will not be increased under the described conditions; while volume change doesn't directly impact \(CO_2\) solubility.

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