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Chapter 16: Problem 74

Each of the following is a Lewis acid-base reaction. Which reactant is the acid, and which is the base? Explain. (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (b) \(\operatorname{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right]^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the first reaction, \( \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) is the Lewis acid and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is the Lewis base. For the second, \( \operatorname{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is the Lewis acid and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) is the Lewis base.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Lewis acid and base in first reaction

In the reaction \( \mathrm{SO}_{3}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \), we observe that \(\mathrm{SO}_3\) accepts a pair of electrons from \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}\) to form a bond. Thus, \(\mathrm{SO}_3\) is the Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor) and \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}\) is the Lewis base (electron pair donor).
02

Identify the Lewis acid and base in second reaction

In the reaction \(\operatorname{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right]^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})\), it's seen that \( \operatorname{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) accepts a pair of electrons from each \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) ion. This means that \(\operatorname{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is the Lewis acid and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) is the Lewis base in this reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the formula of the conjugate base in the reaction of each acid with water. (a) \(\mathrm{HIO}_{3} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-} ;\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{3}^{+}\)

One handbook lists a value of 9.5 for \(\mathrm{p} \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{b}}\) of quinoline, \(\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{N},\) a weak base used as a preservative for anatomical specimens and to make dyes. Another handbook lists the solubility of quinoline in water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) as \(0.6 \mathrm{g} / 100 \mathrm{mL} .\) Use this information to calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a saturated solution of quinoline in water.

A saturated aqueous solution of \(o\) -nitrophenol, \(\mathrm{HOC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{2},\) has \(\mathrm{pH}=4.53 .\) What is the solubility of \(o\) -nitrophenol in water, in grams per liter? $$\begin{aligned} &\mathrm{HOC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}+-\mathrm{OC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{2}\\\ &&\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=7.23 \end{aligned}$$

The pH of saturated \(\operatorname{Sr}(\text { OH })_{2}(\text { aq })\) is found to be 13.12 A \(10.0 \mathrm{mL}\) sample of saturated \(\operatorname{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})\) is diluted to \(250.0 \mathrm{mL}\) in a volumetric flask. A \(10.0 \mathrm{mL}\) sample of the diluted \(\operatorname{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})\) is transferred to a beaker, and some water is added. The resulting solution requires \(25.1 \mathrm{mL}\) of a \(\mathrm{HCl}\) solution for its titration. What is the molarity of this HCl solution?

\(50.00 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.0155 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HI}(\mathrm{aq})\) is mixed with \(75.00 \mathrm{mL}\) of 0.0106 M KOH(aq). What is the pH of the final solution?
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