Explain the important distinctions between each pair of terms: (a) buffer capacity and buffer range; (b) hydrolysis and neutralization; (c) first and second equivalence points in the titration of a weak diprotic acid; (d) equivalence point of a titration and end point of an indicator.

Buffer capacity is the amount of an acid or base the buffer can absorb without a significant pH change while buffer range is the pH range where the buffer effectively resists changes in pH. Hydrolysis involves a compound reacting with water, often forming either acidic or basic solutions, while neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water. In a weak diprotic acid titration, the first equivalence point is where all the first protons have been neutralized, and the second equivalence point is when all the second protons have been neutralized. The equivalence point in titration is when the reaction is theoretically complete, while the end point is the point where the indicator changes color.