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Chapter 2: Problem 100

The scattering of \(\alpha\) particles by thin metal foils established that (a) the mass of an atom is concentrated in a positively charged nucleus (b) electrons are fundamental particles of all matter (c) all electrons carry the same charge (d) atoms are electrically neutral

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is (a) the mass of an atom is concentrated in a positively charged nucleus.

Step by step solution

01

Identification

Identifying what Rutherford's gold foil experiment actually demonstrated. This experiment involved the scattering of alpha particles. By observing the pattern of scattered particles, Rutherford made important conclusions about the structure of an atom.
02

Applying Rutherford's findings

Rutherford observed that most of the alpha particles passed straight through the thin foil, suggesting that most of an atom's space is empty. However, a few particles were deflected at large angles or bounced back, which could only be accounted for if there was a centralized mass present in the atom that was positively charged. This led to the conjecture that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a positively charged nucleus. Hence, statement (a) correctly applies Rutherford's findings and his conclusion from the gold foil experiment.
03

Ruling out incorrect options

Though statements (b), (c), and (d) are facts about atoms and particles, they were not the primary findings from the scattering of alpha particles. These statements are about electron properties and electrical neutrality of atoms, which were not the major conclusions from Rutherford's experiment. Therefore, statements (b), (c), and (d) can be ruled out.

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