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Chapter 2: Problem 101

Which of the following have the same charge and approximately the same mass? (a) an electron and a proton; (b) a proton and a neutron; (c) a hydrogen atom and a proton; (d) a neutron and a hydrogen atom; (e) an electron and an \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) ion.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(b) Proton and neutron share approximately the same mass. (c) Hydrogen atom and Proton share approximately the same mass. (d) Neutron and hydrogen share approximately the same mass. None share the same charge and the same mass.

Step by step solution

01

Evaluate (a) An Electron and a Proton

An electron has a negative charge while a proton has a positive charge. In terms of mass, the proton is nearly 2000 times heavier than the electron. Thus, they do not have same charge or same mass.
02

Evaluate (b) A Proton and a Neutron

A proton carries a positive charge, whereas a neutron is neutral. In terms of mass, both have approximately the same mass, as they exist in the nucleus of an atom. We could say that they have same mass but not the same charge.
03

Evaluate (c) A Hydrogen Atom and a Proton

A hydrogen atom consists of a proton and an electron and is neutral while a proton carries a positive charge. In terms of the mass, a hydrogen atom is approximately equal in mass to a proton since the mass of an electron is nearly negligible. They do not have the same charge, but they have similar mass.
04

Evaluate (d) A Neutron and a Hydrogen Atom

A neutron is neutral while a hydrogen atom, which consists of a proton and an electron, is also overall neutral. In terms of mass, a hydrogen atom is approximately equal to a neutron, as the electron's mass is nearly negligible. Thus, they do not share the same charge, but have similar mass.
05

Evaluate (e) An Electron and an \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) Ion

An electron carries a negative charge while an \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) ion also has a negative charge because it's a hydrogen atom that gained an extra electron. However, the \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) ion is heavier than an electron as it consists of a proton, neutron and an extra electron. Therefore, they do share the same charge, but have different masses.

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