Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 21: Problem 9

An analysis of a Solvay-process plant shows that for every \(1.00 \mathrm{kg}\) of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) consumed, \(1.03 \mathrm{kg}\) of \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\) are obtained. The quantity of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) consumed in the overall process is \(1.5 \mathrm{kg}.\) (a) What is the percent efficiency of this process for converting NaCl to \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3} ?\) (b) Why is so little \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) required?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The percent efficiency of the process for converting NaCl to NaHCO3 is 103%. (b) Only a small amount of NH3 is required because it is a catalyst in the Solvay process and is not consumed in the reaction.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the theoretical yield

To calculate the efficiency, the actual yield needs to be compared to the theoretical yield. Considering that NaCl and NaHCO3 have nearly equal molar masses, the theoretical yield would be equal to the amount of NaCl consumed, which is 1.00kg in this case.
02

Calculate the actual yield

The actual yield is the amount of NaHCO3 obtained, which is given as 1.03kg.
03

Calculate the percent efficiency

The percent efficiency is given by the formula: \[ Efficiency (\%) = \left( \frac{{Actual \,yield}}{{Theoretical \,yield}} \right) \times 100 \] Plugging in the values, we get \[ Efficiency (\%) = \left( \frac{{1.03}}{{1.00}} \right) \times 100 = 103\% \]
04

Understanding NH3 consumption

Ammonia (NH3) is a catalyst in the Solvay process and is not consumed in the reaction. That's why only a little amount of NH3 is required.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In the purification of bauxite ore, a preliminary step in the production of aluminum, \(\left[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right]^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\) can be converted to \(\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(\mathrm{s})\) by passing \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) through the solution. Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. Could HCl(aq) be used instead of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) ?\) Explain.

A chemical that should exist as a crystalline solid is seen to be a mixture of a solid and liquid in a container on a storeroom shelf. Give a plausible reason for that observation. Should the chemical be discarded or is it still useful for some purposes?

Would you expect the reaction of \(\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{s})\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) to yield \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{4} ?\)

Write chemical equations for the reactions you would expect to occur when (a) \(\operatorname{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{s})\) is heated to a high temperature (b) \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(1)\) is electrolyzed (c) \(\operatorname{Sr}(\text { s) is added to cold dilute } \operatorname{HBr}( \text { aq) }\) (d) \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{aq})\) is added to \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})\) (e) \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4} \cdot 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{s})\) is heated

Arrange the following compounds in the expected order of increasing solubility in water, and give the basis for your arrangement: \(\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}, \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) \(\mathrm{MgCO}_{3}.\)
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free