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Chapter 22: Problem 40

Each of the following compounds produces \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) when strongly heated: (a) \(\mathrm{HgO}(\mathrm{s}) ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{KClO}_{4}(\mathrm{s})\) (c) \(\mathrm{Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{s}) ;\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) .\) Write a plausible equation for the reaction that occurs in each instance.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Reactions: (a) \(\mathrm{2HgO}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2Hg}(\mathrm{l}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) ,\) (b) \(\mathrm{2KClO}_{4}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2KCl}(\mathrm{s}) + \mathrm{7O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) ,\) (c) \(\mathrm{2Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2Hg}(\mathrm{l}) + \mathrm{4NO}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) ,\) and (d) \(\mathrm{2H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}).\)

Step by step solution

01

Reaction of HgO (Mercury Oxide)

When mercury oxide is heated strongly, it decomposes to yield mercury and oxygen. The balanced reaction is \(\mathrm{2HgO}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2Hg}(\mathrm{l}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) .\)
02

Reaction of KClO4 (Potassium Perchlorate)

Potassium perchlorate is decomposed into potassium chloride and oxygen gas upon heating. This can be represented as \(\mathrm{2KClO}_{4}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2KCl}(\mathrm{s}) + \mathrm{7O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) . \)
03

Reaction of Hg(NO3)2 (Mercury Nitrate)

When heated, mercury nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition to yield mercury, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. This is represented as \(\mathrm{2Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2Hg}(\mathrm{l}) + \mathrm{4NO}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) . \)
04

Reaction of H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)

When heated, hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen, which can be represented as \(\mathrm{2H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{2H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) + \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) . \)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following reactions are likely to go to completion or very nearly so? (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{I}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)+4 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \stackrel{-}{\longrightarrow}\) \(2 \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\) (c) \(\mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{PbO}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) (d) \(\mathrm{HO}_{2}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{Br}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \longrightarrow\) \(3 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Br}_{2}(1)\)

Predict the geometric structures of (a) \(\mathrm{BrF}_{3} ;\) (b) IF \(_{5}\); (c) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{IF}^{-}\). (Central atom underlined.).

A \(1.100 \mathrm{g}\) sample of copper ore is dissolved, and the \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})\) is treated with excess KI. The liberated \(\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}\) requires \(12.12 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.1000 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) for its titration. What is the mass percent copper in the ore?

Use Lewis structures and other information to explain the observation that (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\) is a gas at room temperature, whereas \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is a liquid. (b) \(\mathrm{O}_{3}\) is diamagnetic.

Polonium is the only element known to crystallize in the simple cubic form. In this structure, the interatomic distance between a Po atom and each of its six nearest neighbors is \(335 \mathrm{pm}\). Use this description of the crystal structure to estimate the density of polonium.
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