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Chapter 22: Problem 45

Give a specific example of a chemical equation that illustrates the (a) reaction of a metal sulfide with \(\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq})\) (b) action of a nonoxidizing acid on a metal sulfite; (c) oxidation of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})\) to \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(\mathrm{aq})\) by \(\mathrm{MnO}_{2}(\mathrm{s})\) in acidic solution; (d) disproportionation of \(S_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}^{2-}\) in acidic solution.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The given reactions are: \n(a) \(FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow FeCl_{2}(aq) + H_{2}S(g)\) \n(b) \(Na_{2}SO_{3}(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow 2NaCl(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + SO_{2}(g)\) \n(c) \(5SO_{2}(aq) + 2MnO_{2}(s) + 2H_{2}O(l) \rightarrow 2Mn^{2+}(aq) + 5SO_{4}^{2-}(aq) + 4H^{+}(aq)\) \n(d) \(S_{2}O_{3}^{2-}(aq) + 2H^{+}(aq) \rightarrow SO_{2}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + S(s)\)

Step by step solution

01

Reaction of metal sulfide with HCl

We can use iron sulfide as an example here. When iron sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid, it produces iron chloride and hydrogen sulfide as a gas. This can be represented as follows: \n\(FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow FeCl_{2}(aq) + H_{2}S(g)\)
02

Action of nonoxidizing acid on metal sulfite

In this case, let's consider a nonoxidizing acid like hydrochloric acid coming into action with a metal sulfite - for example, sodium sulfite. Sodium sulfite reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride, water, and release sulfur dioxide gas as follows: \n\(Na_{2}SO_{3}(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow 2NaCl(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + SO_{2}(g)\)
03

Oxidation of SO_{2} to SO_{4}^{2-} by MnO_{2} in acidic solution

The reaction can be shown as follows: \n\(5SO_{2}(aq) + 2MnO_{2}(s) + 2H_{2}O(l) \rightarrow 2Mn^{2+}(aq) + 5SO_{4}^{2-}(aq) + 4H^{+}(aq)\)
04

Disproportionation of S_{2}O_{3}^{2-} in acidic solution

Disproportionation is a reaction during which a higher and a lower oxidation state are formed. This can be shown as follows: \n\(S_{2}O_{3}^{2-}(aq) + 2H^{+}(aq) \rightarrow SO_{2}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + S(s)\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The abundance of \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) in seawater is \(1 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{F}^{-}\) per ton of seawater. Suppose that a commercially feasible method could be found to extract fluorine from seawater. (a) What mass of \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) could be obtained from \(1 \mathrm{km}^{3}\) of seawater \(\left(d=1.03 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}\right) ?\) (b) Would the process resemble that for extracting bromine from seawater? Explain.

Use Lewis structures and other information to explain the observation that (a) the oxygen-to-oxygen bond lengths in \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{O}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) are \(121,128,\) and \(148 \mathrm{pm},\) respectively. (b) the oxygen-to-oxygen bond length of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) is \(121 \mathrm{pm}\) and for \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{+}\) is \(112 \mathrm{pm}\). Why is the bond length for \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{+}\) so much shorter than for \(\mathrm{O}_{2} ?\)

Which of the following reactions are likely to go to completion or very nearly so? (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{I}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1)+4 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \stackrel{-}{\longrightarrow}\) \(2 \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+4 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\) (c) \(\mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{PbO}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) (d) \(\mathrm{HO}_{2}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{Br}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \longrightarrow\) \(3 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Br}_{2}(1)\)

Make a general prediction about which of the halogen elements, \(\mathrm{F}_{2}, \mathrm{Cl}_{2}, \mathrm{Br}_{2},\) or \(\mathrm{I}_{2},\) displaces other halogens from a solution of halide ions. Which of the halogens is able to displace \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) from water? Which is able to displace \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) from water?

Joseph Priestley, a British chemist, was credited with the discovering oxygen in \(1774 .\) In his experiments, he generated oxygen gas by heating \(\mathrm{HgO}(\mathrm{s}) .\) The other product of the decomposition reaction is \(\mathrm{Hg}(1) .\) What volume of wet \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) is obtained from the decomposition of \(1.0 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{HgO}(\mathrm{s}),\) if the gas is collected over water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and a barometric pressure of \(756 \mathrm{mmHg} ?\) The vapor pressure of water is \(23.76 \mathrm{mmHg}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
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