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Chapter 22: Problem 47

Describe a chemical test you could use to determine whether a white solid is \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) or \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} .\) Explain the basis of this test using a chemical equation or equations.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A chemical test distinguishing between Sodium Sulphate and Sodium Thiosulphate could involve adding dilute Hydrochloric acid. Sodium Thiosulphate will react to form a yellow precipitate of Sulphur, whereas Sodium Sulphate will not.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Suitable Tests

The initial task is to identify a test that would distinguish between sodium sulphate \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and Sodium thiosulphate \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\). One suitable test would be the addition of dilute Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to each compound. Sodium sulphate would have no visible reaction, while sodium thiosulphate would produce a yellow precipitate of Sulphur.
02

Write Down the Chemical Reactions

After identifying the tests, the chemical reactions should be written for Sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid: \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} + 2\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{S} + \mathrm{SO}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\). Here, Sulphur (\(\mathrm{S}\)) is the yellow precipitate observed.
03

Explain the basis of the Test

The basis of this test is that Sodium thiosulphate reacts with dilute Hydrochloric acid to form a yellow precipitate of Sulphur. Sodium sulphate does not produce this reaction, so there will be no observed change. Hence, after performing this test, observation of a yellow precipitate signifies Sodium thiosulphate; the absence of a yellow precipitate indicates Sodium Sulphate.

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