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Chapter 23: Problem 15

Suggest a series of reactions, using common chemicals, by which each of the following syntheses can be performed. (a) \(\operatorname{Fe}(\text { OH })_{3}(\text { s) from } \operatorname{Fe} S( \text { s) }\) (b) \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}(\mathrm{s})\) from \(\mathrm{BaCO}_{3}(\mathrm{s})\) and \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{aq})\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Iron(III) hydroxide can be synthesized from iron sulfide through a two-step process involving an intermediary step of forming iron(II) chloride. Similarly, barium chromate can be synthesized from barium carbonate and potassium dichromate in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Step by step solution

01

Synthesis of \(Fe(OH)_3\) from \(FeS\)

Firstly, our target is to convert \(FeS\) to \(Fe(OH)_3\). This synthesis can be achieved in two steps: \n1. \(FeS + 2HCl \rightarrow FeCl_2 + H_2S\) \nThis reaction can occur under normal conditions, producing iron(II) chloride and hydrogen sulfide. \n2. \(FeCl_2 + 3NaOH \rightarrow Fe(OH)_3 + 2NaCl\) \nIron(II) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide to give iron(III) hydroxide and sodium chloride. This reaction occurs under mild conditions.
02

Synthesis of \(BaCrO_4\) from \(BaCO_3\) and \(K_2Cr_2O_7\)

The synthesis of \(BaCrO_4\) from \(BaCO_3\) and \(K_2Cr_2O_7\) can be achieved in one step: \n1. \(BaCO_3 + K_2Cr_2O_7 + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow BaCrO_4 + K_2SO_4 + H_2O + CO_2\) \nThe strong acid, sulfuric acid is required here to allow the reaction to proceed, producing our target barium chromate along with potassium sulfate, water and carbon dioxide as by-product. This reaction needs to be carried out in acidic medium.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When yellow \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}\) is dissolved in \(\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}),\) a green solution is obtained. Write a chemical equation to account for the color change.

Nearly all mercury(II) compounds exhibit covalent bonding. Mercury(II) chloride is a covalent molecule that dissolves in warm water. The stability of this compound is exploited in the determination of the levels of chloride ion in blood serum. Typical human blood serum levels range from 90 to \(115 \mathrm{mmol} \mathrm{L}^{-1}\) The chloride concentration is determined by titration with \(\mathrm{Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2} .\) The indicator used in the titration is diphenylcarbazone, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}=\mathrm{NCONHNHC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\) which complexes with the mercury(II) ion after all the chloride has reacted with the mercury(II). Free diphenylcarbazone is pink in solution, and when it is complexed with mercury(II), it is blue. Thus, the diphenylcarbazone acts as an indicator, changing from pink to blue when the first excess of mercury(II) appears. In an experiment, \(\mathrm{Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\) aq) solution is standardized by titrating \(2.00 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.0108 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) solution. It takes \(1.12 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(\mathrm{aq})\) to reach the diphenylcarbazone end point. A 0.500 mL serum sample is treated with 3.50 mL water, 0.50 mL of 10\% sodium tungstate solution, and \(0.50 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.33 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(\mathrm{aq})\) to precipitate proteins. After the proteins are precipitated, the sample is filtered and a \(2.00 \mathrm{mL}\) aliquot of the filtrate is titrated with \(\mathrm{Hg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) solution, requiring \(1.23 \mathrm{mL}\). Calculate the concentration of Cl^- Express your answer in mmol L \(^{-1}\). Does this concentration fall in the normal range?

In your own words, define the following terms: (a) domain; (b) flotation; (c) leaching; (d) amalgam.

Describe the chemical composition of the material called (a) pig iron; (b) ferromanganese alloy; (c) chromite ore; (d) brass; (e) aqua regia; (f) blister copper; (g) stainless steel.

The best oxidizing agent of the following group of ions is (a) \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})\) (d) \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}(\mathrm{aq}) ;\) (e) \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\)
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