Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 23: Problem 79

Describe the chemical composition of the material called (a) pig iron; (b) ferromanganese alloy; (c) chromite ore; (d) brass; (e) aqua regia; (f) blister copper; (g) stainless steel.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Pig iron consists of high carbon content with traces of silicon and manganese. Ferromanganese alloy is mainly manganese and iron with some carbon and silicon. Chromite ore is composed of Chromium, iron, and oxygen. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid. Blister copper is mostly pure copper with traces of silver and gold. Stainless steel contains iron and chromium, along with potential elements such as carbon, silicon, molybdenum, nickel, and manganese.

Step by step solution

01

Describing pig iron

Pig iron is a material with high carbon content, approximately 3.5–4.5%. It also contains varying amounts of silicon, manganese, and impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The high carbon content is what differentiates pig iron from other forms of iron.
02

Describing ferromanganese alloy

Ferromanganese alloy is used as a deoxidizer for steel. It is composed primarily of iron and manganese, and may contain small amounts of carbon, and silicon. High-carbon ferromanganese has roughly 76–80% manganese and about 7% carbon.
03

Describing chromite ore

Chromite ore is a mineral that contains chromium. Its chemical formula is FeCr2O4. It also contains varying amounts of iron, oxygen, and other trace elements.
04

Describing brass

Brass is an alloy made primarily of copper and zinc. The proportion of zinc and copper can vary to create different types of brass, but typically the ratio is around 70% copper to 30% zinc.
05

Describing aqua regia

Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a volume ratio of 1:3. Its chemical composition can be represented as HNO3:HCl = 1:3.
06

Describing blister copper

Blister copper is a type of copper that's been refined to a high level of purity. It contains over 98% copper, with small amounts of silver and gold. The name 'blister' comes from the bubbles of sulfur dioxide gas that appear on its surface during processing.
07

Describing stainless steel

Stainless steel is an alloy composed mainly of iron, with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content. It may also contain varying amounts of carbon, silicon, molybdenum, nickel, and manganese. The chromium provides resistance to oxidation, hence the name 'stainless'.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

A solution is believed to contain one or more of the following ions: \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}, \mathrm{Zn}^{2+}, \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}, \mathrm{Ni}^{2+} .\) When the solution is treated with excess \(\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}),\) a precipitate forms. The solution in contact with the precipitate is colorless. The precipitate is dissolved in \(\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}),\) and the resulting solution is treated with \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\text { aq })\). No precipitation occurs. Based solely on these observations, what conclusions can you draw about the ions present in the original solution? That is, which ion(s) are likely present, which are most likely not present, and about which can we not be certain? [Hint: Refer to Appendix D for solubility product and complex-ion formation data.

Attempts to make \(\mathrm{CuI}_{2}\) by the reaction of \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})\) and \(\mathrm{I}^{-}(\text {aq })\) produce \(\mathrm{CuI}(\mathrm{s})\) and \(\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})\) instead. Without performing detailed calculations, show why this reaction should occur. $$2 \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+5 \mathrm{I}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CuI}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})$$

Suggest a series of reactions, using common chemicals, by which each of the following syntheses can be performed. (a) \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(\mathrm{s})\) from \(\mathrm{CuO}(\mathrm{s})\) (b) \(\operatorname{Cr} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}\left(\text { aq) } \text { from }\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{s})\right.\)

Covalent bonding is involved in many transition metal compounds. Draw Lewis structures, showing any nonzero formal charges, for the following molecules or ions: (a) \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}^{2+} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{Mn}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{OsO}_{4}\). [Hint: In (b), there is one \(\mathrm{Mn}-\mathrm{O}-\text { Mn linkage in the molecule. }\rfloor\)

Nitinol is a nickel-titanium alloy known as memory metal. The name nitinol is derived from the symbols for nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and the acronym for the Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NOL), where it was discovered. If an object made out of nitinol is heated to about \(500^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) for about an hour and then allowed to cool, the original shape of the object is "remembered," even if the object is deformed into a different shape. The original shape can be restored by heating the metal. Because of this property, nitinol has found many uses, especially in medicine and orthodontics (for braces). Nitinol exists in a number of different solid phases. In the so- called austerite phase, the metal is relatively soft and elastic. The crystal structure for the austerite phase can be described as a simple cubic lattice of Ti atoms with Ni atoms occupying cubic holes in the lattice of Ti atoms. What is the empirical formula of nitinol and what is the percent by mass of titanium in the alloy?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free