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Chapter 24: Problem 22

Predict: (a) whether the square-planar complex ion \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{py})_{4}\right]^{2+}\) is diamagnetic or paramagnetic (b) whether octahedral \(\left[\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]^{3-}\) or tetrahedral \(\left[\mathrm{FeCl}_{4}\right]^{-}\) has the greater number of unpaired electrons.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The square planar complex ion \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{py})_{4}\right]^{2+}\) is diamagnetic. (b) The octahedral \(\left[\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]^{3-}\) complex has more unpaired electrons than the tetrahedral \(\left[\mathrm{FeCl}_{4}\right]^{-}\) complex.

Step by step solution

01

Determine electron configuration of the central metal ion for Cu complex ion

First, we need to identify the charge and electron configuration of the central copper ion, Cu. As a metal in the transition series, Cu typically has an electron configuration of [Ar]4s2 3d9. However, in this complex ion, Cu is in its Cu2+ ion state, where it loses 2 electrons to become [Ar]3d9-2 = [Ar]3d7. However, copper is an exception and its stable electron configuration is actually [Ar]3d10 4s1. After losing two electrons, the copper ion will have an electron configuration of [Ar]3d9.
02

Predict magnetic properties of Cu complex ion

The complex ion is square planar, meaning the d-orbitals will be split. In a square planar complex, the electrons will fill the lower energy d-orbitals completely before occupying the higher energy d-orbitals. As a result, since all the d-orbitals are filled there are no unpaired electrons, meaning the complex will be diamagnetic.
03

Determine electron configuration of the central metal ion for Mn and Fe complex ions

The Mn ion in this complex is in its Mn3+ state and the Fe ion is in its Fe- state. The electron configurations are [Ar]4s2 3d5 for Mn and [Ar]4s2 3d6 for Fe. The Mn3+ ion will have lost 3 electrons from the 4s and 3d orbitals, leading to a configuration of [Ar]3d4, while the Fe- ion will have gained an electron, leading to a configuration of [Ar]3d7.
04

Predict number of unpaired electrons in Mn and Fe complex ions

For the octahedral Mn complex, the d-orbitals will be split into two groups, with the 3 lower energy orbitals filled first. This results in 4 unpaired electrons. For the tetrahedral Fe complex, the d-orbitals will be split with the higher energy orbitals filled first. This results in 3 unpaired electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In your own words, describe the following terms or symbols: (a) coordination number; (b) \(\Delta_{\mathrm{o}} ;\) (c) ammine complex; (d) enantiomer.

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