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Chapter 25: Problem 16
The immediate decay product of element 118 is thought to be element \(116 .\) Write a complete nuclear equation for this reaction.
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Write nuclear equations to represent (a) the decay of \(^{214} \mathrm{Ra}\) by \(\alpha\) -particle emission (b) the decay of \(^{205}\) At by positron emission (c) the decay of \(^{212} \mathrm{Fr}\) by electron capture (d) the reaction of two deuterium nuclei (deuterons) to produce a nucleus of \(\frac{3}{2} \mathrm{He}\). (e) the production of \({243}_{97} \mathrm{Bk}\) get by the \(\alpha\) -particle bombardment of\({241}_{95} \mathrm{Am}\) (f) a nuclear reaction in which thorium-232 is bombarded with \(\alpha\) particles, producing a new nuclide and four neutrons.
Both \(\beta^{-}\) and \(\beta^{+}\) emissions are observed for artificially produced radioisotopes of low atomic numbers, but only \(\beta^{-}\) emission is observed with naturally occurring radioisotopes of high atomic number. Why do you suppose this is so?
One of the following elements has eight naturally occurring stable isotopes. We should expect that one to be (a) \(\mathrm{Ra} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{Au} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{Cd} ;\) (d) Br.
A lunar rock was analyzed for argon by mass spectrometry and for potassium by atomic absorption. The results of these analyses showed that the sample contained \(3.02 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{mL} \mathrm{g}^{-1}\) of argon and \(0.083 \%\) of potassium. The half-life of potassium- 40 is \(1.248 \times\) \(10^{9} \mathrm{y} \cdot\) Calculate the age of the lunar rock.
The conversion of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) into carbohydrates by plants via photosynthesis can be represented by the reaction $$6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \stackrel{\text { light }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+6 \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{g}).$$ To study the mechanism of photosynthesis, algae were grown in water containing \(^{18}\) O, that is, \(\mathrm{H}_{2}^{18} \mathrm{O}\) The oxygen evolved contained oxygen-18 in the same ratio to the other oxygen isotopes as the water in which the reaction was carried out. In another experiment, algae were grown in water containing only \(^{16} \mathrm{O}\),but with oxygen-18 present in the \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). The oxygen evolved in this experiment contained no oxygen-18. What conclusion can you draw about the mechanism of photosynthesis from these experiments?
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