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Chapter 26: Problem 12

Draw and name all the isomers of (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}\). [Hint: Do not forget double bonds, rings, and combinations of these.].

Short Answer

Expert verified
Isomers of \(C_{6}H_{14}\) are: Hexane, 2-Methylpentane, 3-Methylpentane, 2-2Dimethylbutane, and 2-3Dimethylbutane. Isomers of \(C_{4}H_{8}\) are: But-1-ene, But-2-ene, 2-Methylprop-1-ene, and Cyclobutane. Isomers of \(C_{4}H_{6}\) are: But-1-yne, But-2-yne, 2-Butene, and Cyclobutene.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Isomers of \(C_{6}H_{14}\)

Isomers for this hydrocarbon will all be chain and position isomers because \(C_{6}H_{14}\) has the general formula of an alkane (CnH2n+2), and alkanes contain only single bonds. The possible isomers are: Hexane, 2-Methylpentane, 3-Methylpentane, 2-2Dimethylbutane, and 2-3Dimethylbutane.
02

Identifying Isomers of \(C_{4}H_{8}\)

This molecular formula fits the general formula for alkenes (CnH2n), so the isomers can exist as chain, position, and functional isomers. The possible isomers include: But-1-ene, But-2-ene, 2-Methylprop-1-ene, and Cyclobutane.
03

Identifying Isomers of \(C_{4}H_{6}\)

This molecular formula fits the general formula for alkynes (CnH2n-2) and cycloalkenes. The isomers can exist as chain, positional, and functional-isomers. The possible isomers are: But-1-yne, But-2-yne, 2-Butene, and Cyclobutene.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) that are ethers.

A compound with the same hydrogen-to-carbon ratio as cyclobutane is (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CCH}_{3} ;\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\).

Identify the functional group in each compound (i.e., alcohol, amine, etc.). (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COOH}\) (b) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOCH}_{3}\).

Draw and name all derivatives of benzene having the formula (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{10} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{12}\).

Alkenes (olefins) and cyclic alkanes (alicyclics) each have the generic formula \(\mathrm{C}_{n} \mathrm{H}_{2 n}\). In what important ways do these types of compounds differ structurally?
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