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Chapter 26: Problem 19

The functional groups in each of the following pairs have certain features in common, but what is the essential difference between them? (a) carbonyl and carboxyl (b) aldehyde and ketone (c) acetic acid and acetyl group

Short Answer

Expert verified
Carbonyl is a carbon double bonded to oxygen, while carboxyl is a carbonyl bonded to a hydroxyl group. Aldehydes have the carbonyl at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it in the middle. Acetic acid has a carboxyl group, whereas an acetyl group has a carbonyl.

Step by step solution

01

Differentiating Carbonyl and Carboxyl

A carbonyl group (\( \text{C=O} \)) contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. This group characterizes aldehydes and ketones. A carboxyl group (\( \text{COOH} \)) on the other hand, is basically a carbonyl group (\( \text{C=O} \)) attached with a hydroxyl group (\( \text{OH} \)). This group is typically present in carboxylic acids.
02

Differentiating Aldehyde and Ketone

The difference between an aldehyde and ketone is the attachment of the carbonyl group. In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain (\( \text{R}\text{-C=O-H} \), where \( \text{R} \) is the rest of the molecule). While in a ketone, the carbonyl group is in the middle of the carbon chain (\( \text{R1}\text{-C=O-}\text{R2} \), where \( \text{R1} \) and \( \text{R2} \) represent the rest of the molecule).
03

Differentiating Acetic Acid and Acetyl Group

Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \)). An acetyl group on the other hand, is derived from acetic acid and consists of a methyl group single-bonded to a carbonyl (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C=O} \)). The essential difference is that acetic acid has a carboxyl group (\( \text{COOH} \)), whereas an acetyl group has a carbonyl group (\( \text{C=O} \)).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Supply a structural formula for each of the following compounds. (a) 1,3,5 -trimethylbenzene; (b) \(p\) -nitrophenol; (c) 3 -amino- 2,5 -dichlorobenzoic acid (a plant-growth regulator).

Draw Newman projections for the staggered and eclipsed conformations of 2 -methylpentane for rotation about the \(\mathrm{C} 2-\mathrm{C} 3\) bond. Which conformation is lowest in energy?

In the monochlorination of hydrocarbons, a hydrogen atom is replaced by a chlorine atom. How many different monochloro derivatives of 2 -methylbutane are possible?

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Consider the following molecular formulas. How many elements of unsaturation are there in each case? (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{N} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{15} \mathrm{ClO}\).
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