Give an acceptable name for each of the following structures. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (b) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}\right) \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (f) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 2,2,2-trimethylpropane, (b) 2-methylpropene, (c) 2-methylbutane, (d) 4,4-dimethyl-2-butyne, (e) 4-ethyl-3-methylhexane, (f) 4,4-dimethyl-3-heptene

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Longest Carbon Chain

Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms in each molecule. This will form the base name of the compound.
02

Number the Carbon Atoms in the Chain

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain starting from the end nearest to the branch or functional group. If there's a branch at an equal distance from both ends, start from the end that will give the lowest number to the second substituent. This numbering is used to indicate the position of the substituents.
03

Identify and Name the Substituents

Identify any groups other than hydrogen attached to the main chain, these are called substituents. The name of the substituent is derived from the name of the alkane by replacing the ending '-ane' with '-yl'. If there are multiple identical substituents, use prefixes (di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.) to indicate the number of substituents.
04

Assemble the names

Assemble the names. List the substituents in alphabetical order (ignoring any numerical prefixes), follow it by the base alkane name. Use numerical prefixes to indicate the carbons to which the substituents are attached to.

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