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Chapter 27: Problem 2

Describe what is meant by each of the following reaction types, and illustrate with an example from the text: (a) dehydration; (b) hydrolysis; (c) solvolysis; (d) hydration of an alkene.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Dehydration: A reaction where a molecule of water is removed from a substance. Example: Ethanol to ethene and water. (b) Hydrolysis: A reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. Example: Ethyl ethanoate to ethanol and ethanoic acid. (c) Solvolysis: A reaction where a solute is broken down, in part, by a solvent. Example: Tertiary butyl chloride to tertiary butyl alcohol. (d) Hydration of an alkene: A reaction where water is added to an alkene to produce an alcohol. Example: Ethene to ethanol.

Step by step solution

01

Identify and Explain Dehydration

Dehydration is a type of chemical reaction where a molecule of water is removed from a substance. For instance, Ethanol (\(C_2H_{5}OH\)) can undergo a dehydration reaction to produce ethene (\(C_2H_{4}\)) and water (\(H_2O\)).
02

Identify and Explain Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. A good example is the hydrolysis of ester- Ethyl ethanoate (\(CH_{3}COOC_{2}H_{5}\)). In this reaction, the ester reacts with water to form ethanol and ethanoic acid.
03

Identify and Explain Solvolysis

Solvolysis is a type of reaction where a solute is broken down, in part, by a solvent. For instance, tertiary butyl chloride (\( (CH_{3})_{3}CCl \)) can undergo solvolysis when treated with water to give tertiary butyl alcohol (\( (CH_{3})_{3}COH \)).
04

Identify and explain Hydration of an Alkene

Hydration of an alkene is a reaction where water is added to an alkene to produce an alcohol. For example, the hydration of ethene (\(C_{2}H_{4}\)) yields ethanol (\(C_{2}H_{5}OH\)).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw the structures of the products of each of the following reactions: (a) propene + hydrogen (Pt, heat) (b) 2 -butanol \(+\) heat (in the presence of sulfuric acid)

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