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Chapter 3: Problem 115

Briefly describe each of the following ideas or methods: (a) mole of a compound; (b) structural formula; (c) oxidation state; (d) carbon-hydrogen- oxygen determination by combustion analysis.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A mole of a compound represents the number of entities in the compound, equal to Avogadro's number. The structural formula visually illustrates how atoms are arranged and bonded in a molecule. The oxidation state is the degree of oxidation of an atom; it can be positive, negative, or zero. Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen determination by combustion analysis is a method to calculate the proportion of these elements in a compound by combusting it and measuring the masses of the resulting products.

Step by step solution

01

Describe a Mole of a Compound

A mole of a compound represents the amount of that substance that contains as many entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are in 12 grams of pure carbon-12. It's essentially a measurement of the number of particles in a compound and it's fundamental to chemical equations and computations.
02

Explain Structural Formula

The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphical representation that shows how the atoms are arranged and bonded together in the molecule. It specifies which atoms are connected by bonds and the bond's type.
03

Define Oxidation State

The oxidation state (or oxidation number) of an atom in a chemical compound is a measure of the degree of oxidation of the atom. It's assigned based on a set of rules and can be positive, negative, or zero. The oxidation state can tell us about the likely reactivity of an atom or a molecule.
04

Explain Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Determination by Combustion Analysis

Combustion analysis is a method used to determine the elemental composition of a compound. In this method, a compound is combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and other gases. By measuring the masses of these products, one can calculate the proportion of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the original compound.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Assign suitable names to the compounds (a) \(\mathrm{CS}_{2}\) (b) \(\operatorname{SiF}_{4} ;\) (c) \(\operatorname{ClF}_{5} ;\) (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} ;\) (e) \(\mathrm{SF}_{6} ;\) (f) \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{6}\).

Without per forming detailed calculations, determine the hydrate of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) that contains almost exactly \(50 \%\) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) by mass.

Determine the mass percent \(O\) in the mineral malachite, \(\mathrm{Cu}_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\)

Write formulas for the compounds: (a) aluminum sulfate; (b) ammonium dichromate; (c) silicon tetrafluoride; (d) iron(III) oxide; (e) tricarbon disulfide; (f) cobalt(II) nitrate; (g) strontium nitrite; (h) hydrobromic acid; (i) iodic acid; (j) phosphorus dichloride trifluoride.

A 0.622 g sample of a metal oxide with the formula \(\mathrm{M}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) is converted to \(0.685 \mathrm{g}\) of the sulfide, MS. What is the atomic mass of the metal M?
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