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Chapter 3: Problem 69

Without per frming detailed calculations, indicate which of the following hydrates has the greatest \% \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) by mass: \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4} \cdot 5 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \quad \mathrm{Cr}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3} \cdot 18 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \quad \mathrm{MgCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \(\mathrm{LiC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2} \cdot 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The hydrate with the greatest \% \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\) by mass should be \( \text{Cr}_{2}\left(\text{SO}_{4}\right)_{3} · 18\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \), as it contains the greatest number of water molecules per formula unit.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the given hydrates

Here are the given hydrates xH2O with x being the number of of water molecules: \( \text{CuSO}_{4} · 5\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), \( \text{Cr}_{2}\left(\text{SO}_{4}\right)_{3} · 18\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \), \( \text{MgCl}_{2} · 6\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \( \text{LiC}_{2} \text{H}_{3} \text{O}_{2} · 2\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \). \nWithout performing detailed calculations, we are focusing on the number of water molecules in each hydrate.
02

Compare the number of water molecules

By just looking at the number of water molecules associated with each compound, the hydrate with 18 water molecules, namely \( \text{Cr}_{2}\left(\text{SO}_{4}\right)_{3} · 18\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \), stands out. We can assume that this compound has the highest proportion of \( \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \) by mass because it contains the most water molecules per formula unit.
03

Make the assumption

Finally, suppose that the number of water molecules is the main factor that determines which hydrate has the greatest \% \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\) by mass. It is a reasonable assumption to say that \( \text{Cr}_{2}\left(\text{SO}_{4}\right)_{3} · 18\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \) should have the greatest percentage of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\) by mass.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Determine the mass percent \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) in the hydrate \(\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3} \cdot 9 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)

Briefly describe each of the following ideas or methods: (a) mole of a compound; (b) structural formula; (c) oxidation state; (d) carbon-hydrogen- oxygen determination by combustion analysis.

Chromium forms three principal oxides. Write appropriate formulas for these compounds in which the oxidation states of Cr are \(+3,+4,\) and \(+6,\) respectively.

The mineral spodumene has the empirical formula \(\mathrm{LiAlSi}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6} .\) Given that the percentage of lithium- 6 atoms in naturally occuring lithium is \(7.40 \%,\) how many lithium- 6 atoms are present in a 518 g sample of spodumene?

Determine the mass percent of each of the elements in the fungicide copper(II) oleate, $\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{33} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}$
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