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Chapter 4: Problem 30

Without per forming detailed calculations, which of the following yields the same mass of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) per gram of compound as does ethanol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) when burned in excess oxygen? (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\); (b) \(\mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CHOHCH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OCH}_{3} ;\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hence, the compound that yields the same mass of \(CO_2(g)\) per gram of compound as does ethanol when burned in excess oxygen is Ethylene Glycol (\(HOCH_2CH_2OH\)).

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the number of carbon atoms in ethanol

Ethanol (\(CH_3CH_2OH\)) has two carbon atoms.
02

Checking each compound for the same number of carbon atoms

(a) Formaldehyde (\(H_2CO\)) - 1 carbon atom. (b) Ethylene glycol (\(HOCH_2CH_2OH\)) - 2 carbon atoms. (c) Glycerol (\(HOCH_2CHOHCH_2OH\)) - 3 carbon atoms. (d) Dimethyl ether (\(CH_3OCH_3\)) - 2 carbon atoms. (e) Phenol (\(C6H5OH\)) - 6 carbon atoms.
03

Finding the correct compound

The two compounds Ethylene glycol and Dimethyl ether both have two carbon atoms, same as ethanol. In addition, none of the compounds have atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Therefore, both of these two compounds will yield the same mass of CO2 per gram of compound as Ethanol - if we assume complete combustion is possible in all cases. Thus, the key lies in realizing that one compound, Dimethyl Ether, is an ether and the other, Ethylene Glycol, is an alcohol. Alcohols, in general, will produce the same amount of CO2 as ethanol per gram of compound, because of the same type of functional group.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In many communities, water is fluoridated to prevent tooth decay. In the United States, for example, more than half of the population served by public water systems has access to water that is fluoridated at approximately \(1 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{F}^{-}\) per liter. (a) What is the molarity of \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) in water if it contains \(1.2 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{F}^{-}\) per liter? (b) How many grams of solid KF should be added to a \(1.6 \times 10^{8}\) L water reservoir to give a fluoride concentration of \(1.2 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{F}^{-}\) per liter?

Nitrogen gas, \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\), can be prepared by passing gaseous ammonia over solid copper(II) oxide, \(\mathrm{CuO}\), at high temperatures. The other products of the reaction are solid copper, \(\mathrm{Cu},\) and water vapor. In a certain experiment, a reaction mixture containing \(18.1 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) and \(90.4 \mathrm{g}\) CuO yields \(6.63 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{N}_{2}\). Calculate the percent yield for this experiment.

Briefly describe (a) balancing a chemical equation; (b) preparing a solution by dilution; (c) determining the limiting reactant in a reaction.

A reaction mixture contains \(1.0 \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{CaCN}_{2}\) (calcium cyanamide) and \(1.0 \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). The maximum number of moles of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) produced is (a) \(3.0 ;\) (b) 2.0 (c) between 1.0 and 2.0; (d) less than 1.0. $$\mathrm{CaCN}_{2}(\mathrm{s})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaCO}_{3}+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{g})$$

It is often difficult to determine the concentration of a species in solution, particularly if it is a biological species that takes part in complex reaction pathways. One way to do this is through a dilution experiment with labeled molecules. Instead of molecules, however, we will use fish. An angler wants to know the number of fish in a particular pond, and so puts an indelible mark on 100 fish and adds them to the pond's existing population. After waiting for the fish to spread throughout the pond, the angler starts fishing, eventually catching 18 fish. Of these, five are marked. What is the total number of fish in the pond?
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