Azobenzene, an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, can be prepared from
nitrobenzene by reaction with triethylene glycol in the presence of
\(\mathrm{Zn}\) and KOH. In one reaction, 0.10 L of nitrobenzene \((d=1.20
\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL})\) and \(0.30 \mathrm{L}\) of triethylene glycol
\((d=1.12 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL})\) yields \(55 \mathrm{g}\) azobenzene. What
are the (a) theoretical yield, (b) actual yield, and (c) percent yield of this
reaction?
$$
2 \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NO}_{2}+4 \mathrm{C}_{6}
\mathrm{H}_{14} \mathrm{O}_{4} \frac{\mathrm{Zn}}{\mathrm{KOH}}
$$
nitrobenzene triethylene glycol
$$
\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}\right)_{2}+4 \mathrm{C}_{6}
\mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{4}+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}
$$
azobenzene