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Chapter 4: Problem 94

Write chemical equations to represent the following reactions. (a) Calcium phosphate is heated with silicon dioxide and carbon, producing calcium silicate \(\left(\mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}\right)\) phosphorus ( \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\) ), and carbon monoxide. The phosphorus and chlorine react to form phosphorus trichloride, and the phosphorus trichloride and water react to form phosphorous acid. (b) Copper metal reacts with gaseous oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to form green basic copper carbonate, \(\mathrm{Cu}_{2}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (a reaction responsible for the formation of the green patina, or coating, often seen on outdoor bronze statues). (c) White phosphorus and oxygen gas react to form tetraphosphorus decoxide. The tetraphosphorus decoxide reacts with water to form an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. (d) Calcium dihydrogen phosphate reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate), producing calcium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, carbon dioxide, and water (the principal reaction occurring when ordinary baking powder is added to cakes, bread, and biscuits).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical equations for the reactions discussed are represented as follows:\[(a)\, \text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2 + \text{SiO}_2 + 3\text{C} \rightarrow \text{CaSiO}_3 + 2\text{P}_4 + 3\text{CO},\, \text{P}_4 + 6\text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 4\text{PCl}_3,\, \text{PCl}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{PO}_3 + 3\text{HCl}\] \[(b)\, 2\text{Cu}+ \text{O}_2 + \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Cu}_2(\text{OH})_2\text{CO}_3\] \[(c)\, \text{P}_4+ 5\text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{P}_4\text{O}_{10},\, \text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}+ 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 4\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4\] \[(d)\, \text{Ca(H}_2\text{PO}_4)_2 + 2\text{NaHCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2 + 2\text{NaH}_2\text{PO}_4 + 2\text{CO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}\]

Step by step solution

01

Reaction of Calcium phosphate, Silicon dioxide, and Carbon

The chemical reaction can be written as: \[ \text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2 + \text{SiO}_2 + 3\text{C} \rightarrow \text{CaSiO}_3 + 2\text{P}_4 + 3\text{CO} \] React the phosphorus with chlorine: \[ \text{P}_4 + 6\text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 4\text{PCl}_3 \] React the phosphorus trichloride with water to form phosphorous acid and HCl: \[ \text{PCl}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{PO}_3 + 3\text{HCl} \]
02

Reaction of Copper, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and Water

The reaction can be described as: \[ 2\text{Cu}(s)+ \text{O}_2(g) + \text{CO}_2(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightarrow \text{Cu}_2(\text{OH})_2\text{CO}_3(s) \] This is the reaction forming a green patina on bronze statues.
03

Reaction of White phosphorus and Oxygen

The reaction can be described as: \[ \text{P}_4(s)+ 5\text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}(s) \] React the tetraphosphorus decoxide with water: \[ \text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}(s) + 6\text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightarrow 4\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4(aq) \] This forms an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid.
04

Reaction of Calcium dihydrogen phosphate with Sodium bicarbonate

The chemical reaction can be described as: \[ \text{Ca(H}_2\text{PO}_4)_2(s) + 2\text{NaHCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2(s) + 2\text{NaH}_2\text{PO}_4(s) + 2\text{CO}_2(g) + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \] It's the principal reaction that occurs when baking powder is added to dough.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

It is often difficult to determine the concentration of a species in solution, particularly if it is a biological species that takes part in complex reaction pathways. One way to do this is through a dilution experiment with labeled molecules. Instead of molecules, however, we will use fish. An angler wants to know the number of fish in a particular pond, and so puts an indelible mark on 100 fish and adds them to the pond's existing population. After waiting for the fish to spread throughout the pond, the angler starts fishing, eventually catching 18 fish. Of these, five are marked. What is the total number of fish in the pond?

To prepare a solution that is \(0.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}\) starting with \(100.0 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.40 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl},\) you should \((\mathrm{a})\) add \(20.0 \mathrm{mL}\) of water; (b) add 0.075 g KCl; (c) add 0.10 mol KCl; (d) evaporate \(20.0 \mathrm{mL}\) of water.

What volume of \(0.750 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\) must be diluted with water to prepare \(250.0 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.425 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3} ?\)

Aluminum metal and iron(III) oxide react to give aluminum oxide and iron metal. What is the maximum mass of iron that can be obtained from a reaction mixture containing \(2.5 \mathrm{g}\) of aluminum and \(9.5 \mathrm{g}\) of iron(III) oxide. What mass of the excess reactant remains?

A \(25.0 \mathrm{mL}\) sample of \(\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq})\) is diluted to a volume of 500.0 mL. If the concentration of the diluted solution is found to be \(0.085 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\), what was the concentration of the original solution?
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