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Chapter 6: Problem 130

In your own words, define or explain each term or symbol. (a) atm; (b) STP; (c) \(R ;\) (d) partial pressure; (e) \(u_{\mathrm{rms}}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) atm is a unit of pressure representing the atmospheric pressure at sea level. (b) STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure, at which the temperature is 0 degrees Celsius and the pressure is 1 atmosphere. (c) \(R\) is the ideal or molar gas constant. (d) Partial pressure is the pressure one gas in a mixture would exert if it were alone in the same volume at the same temperature. (e) \(u_{\mathrm{rms}}\) is the root mean square speed of particles in a gas.

Step by step solution

01

Define atm

The term 'atm' stands for atmosphere, which is a unit of pressure. It is defined as the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere at sea level and is approximately 101325 pascals.
02

Explain STP

STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure, a standard reference condition in the study of gases. At STP, temperature is 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 kelvin) and pressure is 1 atmosphere.
03

Define \(R\)

In the context of gas laws, \(R\) usually represents the ideal gas constant, also known as the molar gas constant. Its value is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K).
04

Define partial pressure

Partial pressure is the pressure that a gas in a mixture of gases would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature. It's a component of Dalton's Law of partial pressures.
05

Explain \(u_{\mathrm{rms}}\)

The term \(u_{\mathrm{rms}}\) represents the root mean square speed of the particles in a gas. It is calculated by taking the square root of the average of the squares of the speeds of the particles in the gas.

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