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Chapter 6: Problem 132

Explain the important distinctions between (a) barometer and manometer; (b) Celsius and Kelvin temperature; (c) ideal gas equation and general gas equation; (d) ideal gas and real gas.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Barometers measure atmospheric pressure and manometers measure pressure of a gas in a closed system. Celsius is a relative temperature scale with the freezing and boiling points of water as reference, Kelvin is an absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero. Ideal gas equation and general gas equation are expressions of state for gases, with the ideal gas equation applicable to nonexistent ideala gases and the general gas equation applicable to all cases. Ideal gases are hypothetical, non-interacting gases that perfectly fit the ideal gas equation. Real gases are actual gases that do not completely adhere to the ideal gas equation under certain conditions.

Step by step solution

01

Distinction between barometer and manometer

A barometer is a device designed to measure atmospheric pressure. This measurement is often used in weather forecasting and the study of how altitude affects pressure. A manometer, on the other hand, measures the pressure of a gas or usually a closed system and it's often used in laboratory settings to measure the pressure of gas samples.
02

Celsius and Kelvin temperature

Celsius is a unit of measurement for temperature where the freezing point of water is 0 degree and boiling point is 100 degrees at standard atmospheric pressure. Kelvin is the absolute temperature scale, a thermodynamic temperature scale where absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature, is 0 Kelvin. To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, add approximately 273.15 to the Celsius temperature.
03

Ideal gas equation and general gas equation

The ideal gas equation states that the product of the pressure and volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. It is expressed as \(PV = nRT\), where n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. The general gas equation, on the other hand, expresses how pressure, volume and temperature interact in a gas sample when the amount of gas can change. It is expressed as \(P_1V_1/T_1 = P_2V_2/T_2\).
04

Ideal gas and real gas

An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits into the equation \(PV = nRT\). This means that the gas particles do not interact and have zero volume. In reality, these assumptions are not completely true and hence the term Ideal Gas. A real gas is an actual existing gas that does not adhere to the ideal gas law under certain conditions. These gases show deviations from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures due to the attractions between molecules and the volume occupied by gas molecules.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If the van der Waals equation is solved for volume, a cubic equation is obtained. (a) Derive the equation below by rearranging equation (6.26). \(V^{3}-n\left(\frac{R T+b P}{P}\right) V^{2}+\left(\frac{n^{2} a}{P}\right) V-\frac{n^{3} a b}{P}=0\) (b) What is the volume, in liters, occupied by \(185 \mathrm{g}\) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) at a pressure of \(125 \mathrm{atm}\) and \(286 \mathrm{K} ?\) For \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) \(a=3.61 \mathrm{L}^{2} \mathrm{atm} \mathrm{mol}^{-2}\) and \(b=0.0429 \mathrm{Lmol}^{-1}\) [Hint: Use the ideal gas equation to obtain an estimate of the volume. Then refine your estimate, either by trial and error, or using the method of successive approximations. See Appendix A, pages A5-A6, for a description of the method of successive approximations.

A 35.8 L cylinder of \(\mathrm{Ar}(\mathrm{g})\) is connected to an evacuated 1875 L tank. If the temperature is held constant and the final pressure is \(721 \mathrm{mmHg}\), what must have been the original gas pressure in the cylinder, in atmospheres?

Calculate the total kinetic energy, in joules, of \(155 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{g})\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 1.00 atm. \([\text {Hint}:\) First calculate the average kinetic energy, \(\bar{e}_{k}\).

What is the molecular formula of a gaseous fluoride of sulfur containing \(70.4 \%\) F and having a density of approximately \(4.5 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}\) at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{atm} ?\)

A gaseous hydrocarbon that is \(82.7 \%\) C and \(17.3 \%\) H by mass has a density of \(2.35 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 752 Torr. What is the molecular formula of this hydrocarbon?
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